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One of the saints
and stalwarts of

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Seattle Pacific College
University Dr Winifred Weter,

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who taught languages and
classics here for 40 some years.

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A tremendous example as a woman

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early on in the classics
and literature and

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languages and was an
amazing leader on

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this campus in helping
us understand how we do

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our work in the light of
Christian faith and do it with

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scholarly rigor and vital
faith in all of that work.

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We're grateful for the
work that she did for us.

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This lecture is in her memory.

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She always came to this lecture

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until she was I
think 96 years old,

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was her last visit with us
and I'll try to channel her.

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She would stand
in front and say,

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"This is wonderful
your women faculty.

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Where are you?

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Apply to do the lecture."

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That's the message
from Winifred to

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the women faculty who
happened to be here tonight.

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She was a wonderful person.

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The lecture is due to

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the generosity of Ross

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and Barbara Shaw who are
sitting right down here,

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you have to wave Barbara.

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Going clear back,

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Ross was a biology
faculty member here for

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years and years 32?

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Yeah 32 years and Barbara
is a key Mariners fan.

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She told me not to
mention the Mariners

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tonight and it's
just a really sad

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but Paul is going
to help us with

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some positive thinking
here in a bit.

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But we are deeply grateful for

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the generosity that they
have brought to keep

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this lecture going and you'll

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notice you know how to
give to that lecture.

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We could use some more support
to continue this lecture.

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For those of you that would

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like to contribute to that you

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see in your program
how that can happen.

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I bring greetings on
behalf of President Eaton.

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If you're on campus,

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you know that he underwent
surgery last Wednesday.

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I went to see him last
Friday and I can tell you

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that narcotics are
a wonderful gift

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for a college president.

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I should have
recorded it probably,

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but this is being
recorded so I better

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stop talking He

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did call tonight
about quarter to

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seven and wanted to just give

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his greetings and wish Dr Yost

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well for tonight and then
he said he is missing this.

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With that, I will turn this
over to Dr Margaret Diddams,

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the Director for the Center for

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Scholarship and
Faculty Development,

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who will introduce Dr Yost.

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Good evening to you all.

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It's a joy to have Paul as
our lecturer this evening.

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As many of you know, this is

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my first year as the director

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for the Center for

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Scholarship and Faculty
Development and it is

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a great joy as

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my first role in

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introducing deputy
director to have it

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be my colleague Paul Yost.

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As an industrial
organizational psychologist,

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Professor Yost cares
deeply about developing

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the potential within
all employees,

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especially their leadership.

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His recent publication
in the bookstore,

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real-time leadership
development speaks to

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his passion in working with

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organizations to develop the
next generation of leaders.

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Here at SPU, Professor Yost

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teaches graduate
courses on leadership,

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team development and developing

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learning systems and training
programs in organizations,

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amongst many other courses.

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His own teaching is rooted
in a deep knowledge of

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the psychological literature
and his own praxis.

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Before returning to
his Alma mater here in

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2007 as an associate professor,

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Professor Yost worked
at GEICO, Boeing,

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and Microsoft,

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where his focus was on
leadership development.

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In short, there's pretty
much no one except

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maybe Professor McKenna
who knows as much

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about leadership
as Professor Yost.

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Organizations face a conundrum.

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Do you try to hire the best
possible candidate for a job

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knowing that you may
not be able to find

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that person and even if you do,

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may not be able to afford
their salary requirements?

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Or do you hire people with

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high potential who will

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do a good enough
job to begin with

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and who you can
provide training and

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other developmental
opportunities so that

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they grow and flourish
in that role?

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As someone who has worked
in leadership development,

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Professor Yost is familiar with

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the benefits and risks
of both those models.

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Tonight in his Weter lecture,

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Professor Yost will address
the faulty foundations,

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however, associated
with the worldviews

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of both those orientations.

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For how organizations
currently view

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employees who are the best or

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high potential is the void of

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the helpfulness found in
the gospel of Jesus Christ.

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I leave it to Professor Yost
to describe a better way.

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Before I have Professor Yost
come up to the podium here,

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let me add that while it's

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a great joy to introduce
Paul this evening,

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it is with some sadness
that I no longer

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get to work with Paul
on a daily basis.

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That he is brilliant,

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goes without saying,
but he is hard working,

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insightful, collegial, humble,
and just downright funny.

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I miss having you make me

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laugh throughout most of our
meetings every other week.

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Professor Yost.

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Well, thank you Ross and

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Barbara Shaw and
thank you Margaret,

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she said she wasn't going to
try to make me cry, almost.

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Thank you, Dr Steele and thank

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you my esteemed colleagues and

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students and friends,
family as well.

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Tonight what I'd like
to talk about is

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some emerging research in
psychology and neuroscience

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that suggests that a relatively

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small and rather stable set

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of personality characteristics

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are valid predictors
of everything from

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job performance to
life satisfaction,

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to life longevity and

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what do we do with
that as Christians.

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I think the findings
which are later

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described as genetic
determinism mean

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that we are at a critical
inflection point

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in our field, industrial
organizational psychology.

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But I think it goes beyond that.

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We're at a critical inflection
point in psychology,

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in business and I would say,

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in our society as a whole.

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I would like to begin by laying

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out what are the problems and

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what are the
questions that emerge

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as we start looking at
some of this research.

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Then I would like to
take a Christian lens,

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if you will, and say,

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is there a way
that we can accept

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these findings that
transcends them,

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that goes beyond, says yep,

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there's maybe some genetic
predeterminism going on.

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But what can we do with that as

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Christians, as a next step.

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Let's start with some
bothersome findings.

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We start with college
yearbook pictures.

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We do some research on that.

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We looked at smile intensity
of college students and we

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looked at their
marital satisfaction

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and divorce rate 30 years later.

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What do we find? Smile intensity
predicts both of those.

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Well, that's not good.

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The good news is,

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Sarah Palin should have a
very happy and long marriage.

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I'm sorry, the Mariners
are coming up.

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Number 2, we get a second study.

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A researcher looked at
his baseball cards,

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looked at major league baseball
players and they found

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that smile intensity predicted

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longevity so that
baseball players who are

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smiling intensely are 50 percent

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less likely to die in
any subsequent year.

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Now, the smile is

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actually a good indicator

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of positive and
negative affectivity,

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which later I'll talk about,

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is a stable personality trait

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that has some genetic influence.

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Now that's okay,

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as long as these personality
traits aren't stable.

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Some more bothersome findings.

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Three personality traits,
cognitive ability,

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which you can think
intelligence, conscientiousness,

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which you can think
responsibility and achievement,

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motivation, and
emotional stability.

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You might think
psychological adjustment,

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lack of anxiety.

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All three of those are

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pretty good predictors
of job performance.

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If Margaret and I were
to select people,

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those would be our three
that we'd probably choose.

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How good a predictor?

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If you look at
cognitive ability,

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the average correlation with

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job performance is
from 0.25-0.60.

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If you square that,

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you find out what percentage of

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job performance can be
predicted by cognitive ability.

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That goes from roughly
five percent to

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35 percent of a person to

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job performance can be predicted
by intelligence tests.

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If we take the next two,

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the extent to which
people are conscientious,

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and we take the extent to

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which people are
emotionally stable,

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each of those represent

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about five percent prediction
in job performance.

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In total, we can predict

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15-45 percent of a
person's job performance

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based on three personality
characteristics

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that are fairly
stable over time.

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How stable? More bad news.

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Let's start with the good news,

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and that is that people do

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change in those personality
dimensions over time.

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This graph represents
conscientiousness,

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one of the big five
personality dimensions.

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That top line represents women

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over the length of their life.

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That bottom line represents
men over their life.

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The good news is we
tend to get more

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conscientious as we age.

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The bad news is that people

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who are at the high-end of

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conscientiousness
when they're 20,

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tend to be the same
people who are at

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the high-end of conscientiousness
when they're 60.

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The people who are low in
conscientiousness at 20,

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are the people who tend to

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be at the low-end
when they're 60.

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Here we have agreeableness.

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Here we have a
curvilinear relationship.

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Women for better or worse,

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tend to be more
agreeable as well.

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We get a curvilinear
relationship going.

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People apparently are very
agreeable up until about 55,

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and then we get a
little less agreeable.

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Again, what we find is that

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those mean values change by age.

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But the relative ranking
of people stays the same.

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So if you're one of

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the more agreeable people
when you're young,

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you'll be one of the more

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agreeable people
when you're old.

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Agreeableness is the extent
to which you like to say yes,

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that's a good way
to think of it.

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Disagreeable is when
somebody gives you an idea,

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you say, this is
why that's stupid.

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If you're like that at 20,

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you're going to be
like that at 60

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according to this data.

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What is that genetic component?

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Based on twin studies,

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where they look at
identical twins

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versus non-identical twins,

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you can start parceling out
the variance in terms of

263
00:13:20,500 --> 00:13:22,780
identical twins should share

264
00:13:22,780 --> 00:13:24,475
100 percent of the variance,

265
00:13:24,475 --> 00:13:27,445
and non-identical twins should

266
00:13:27,445 --> 00:13:30,895
share 50 percent of
the genetic variance.

267
00:13:30,895 --> 00:13:32,815
By looking at that and

268
00:13:32,815 --> 00:13:34,945
measuring them on the
personality traits,

269
00:13:34,945 --> 00:13:39,835
you can parcel out how much
of that is due to genetics.

270
00:13:39,835 --> 00:13:42,730
What we find when we do that is

271
00:13:42,730 --> 00:13:45,535
that cognitive
ability looks like

272
00:13:45,535 --> 00:13:47,920
between 50 percent
and 80 percent of

273
00:13:47,920 --> 00:13:52,090
cognitive ability
has genetic roots.

274
00:13:52,090 --> 00:13:56,480
That's really depressing
for me as a professor.

275
00:13:57,690 --> 00:14:02,720
Extroversion, 50-60
percent of extroversion,

276
00:14:03,570 --> 00:14:06,370
we have genetic
influences for that.

277
00:14:06,370 --> 00:14:07,480
Emotional stability,

278
00:14:07,480 --> 00:14:08,725
conscientiousness,

279
00:14:08,725 --> 00:14:10,885
openness to experience,
agreeableness.

280
00:14:10,885 --> 00:14:14,050
We tend to find some pretty
high percentages there.

281
00:14:14,050 --> 00:14:15,940
One just quick side note

282
00:14:15,940 --> 00:14:17,920
that's interesting
that 80 percent

283
00:14:17,920 --> 00:14:22,180
cognitive ability tends
to be among older adults.

284
00:14:22,180 --> 00:14:26,425
Twins have much higher
correlations when

285
00:14:26,425 --> 00:14:30,415
they're elderly in
cognitive ability.

286
00:14:30,415 --> 00:14:32,245
They tend to have
more agreement.

287
00:14:32,245 --> 00:14:35,380
It looks like people
when they're young have

288
00:14:35,380 --> 00:14:37,090
more flexibility in terms of

289
00:14:37,090 --> 00:14:39,685
how their cognitive
ability changes.

290
00:14:39,685 --> 00:14:41,725
But as they get older,

291
00:14:41,725 --> 00:14:44,350
it looks like physiologically

292
00:14:44,350 --> 00:14:46,390
it just takes over and we all

293
00:14:46,390 --> 00:14:51,220
end up with those
predispositions,

294
00:14:51,220 --> 00:14:54,190
returning to the
mean, if you will.

295
00:14:54,190 --> 00:14:58,720
Again, that's
depressing. By the way,

296
00:14:58,720 --> 00:15:01,735
this cognitive ability
is fluid intelligence.

297
00:15:01,735 --> 00:15:04,675
That's the extent to which
you can think on your feet.

298
00:15:04,675 --> 00:15:06,370
There's also another
intelligence

299
00:15:06,370 --> 00:15:07,570
that we'll talk about
in a little bit,

300
00:15:07,570 --> 00:15:09,985
which is crystal
intelligence nets,

301
00:15:09,985 --> 00:15:12,460
how much you memorize
and how much you learn.

302
00:15:12,460 --> 00:15:14,650
Which will become a very
important distinction,

303
00:15:14,650 --> 00:15:20,725
I think later on.
We're not done yet.

304
00:15:20,725 --> 00:15:23,605
More bothersome findings.

305
00:15:23,605 --> 00:15:27,520
A person's job
satisfaction in one job is

306
00:15:27,520 --> 00:15:29,020
a very good predictor of

307
00:15:29,020 --> 00:15:32,600
their job satisfaction
in the next job.

308
00:15:32,640 --> 00:15:36,490
Likewise, if we look at
the genetic components,

309
00:15:36,490 --> 00:15:39,550
it looks like about 45 percent

310
00:15:39,550 --> 00:15:42,100
of a person's job satisfaction,

311
00:15:42,100 --> 00:15:44,515
again, if we're going back
to these twin studies,

312
00:15:44,515 --> 00:15:48,499
is genetically influenced.

313
00:15:51,360 --> 00:15:54,610
There's that old story
about the farmer.

314
00:15:54,610 --> 00:15:57,400
The farmer is out
working in his field and

315
00:15:57,400 --> 00:16:00,760
somebody comes in and says,

316
00:16:00,760 --> 00:16:03,055
I'm thinking about
settling here.

317
00:16:03,055 --> 00:16:04,420
What's this town like?

318
00:16:04,420 --> 00:16:06,595
The farmer says, what
was your last town like?

319
00:16:06,595 --> 00:16:07,900
Oh, people were angry,

320
00:16:07,900 --> 00:16:09,070
and mean, and bitter,

321
00:16:09,070 --> 00:16:10,960
and horrible, and
the farmer says,

322
00:16:10,960 --> 00:16:13,375
this town is the same way.

323
00:16:13,375 --> 00:16:16,300
Next guy comes down
the road and he says,

324
00:16:16,300 --> 00:16:17,725
what's is this town like?

325
00:16:17,725 --> 00:16:20,830
The farmer asks, what
was the old town like?

326
00:16:20,830 --> 00:16:24,190
It was wonderful. People
were so supportive.

327
00:16:24,190 --> 00:16:25,510
It's a great community.

328
00:16:25,510 --> 00:16:26,740
What's this town like?

329
00:16:26,740 --> 00:16:29,335
It's exactly the same.

330
00:16:29,335 --> 00:16:33,280
This would suggest there's
some genetic influence that

331
00:16:33,280 --> 00:16:37,730
causes people to do that.

332
00:16:38,250 --> 00:16:45,080
Life satisfaction,
50 percent genetic.

333
00:16:48,480 --> 00:16:50,755
I will give you

334
00:16:50,755 --> 00:16:53,860
one good but really bad piece

335
00:16:53,860 --> 00:16:56,725
of advice or piece
of data there.

336
00:16:56,725 --> 00:16:59,320
It looks like if you
track people over time

337
00:16:59,320 --> 00:17:01,915
and they go through
a traumatic event,

338
00:17:01,915 --> 00:17:05,230
that their life satisfaction
dips at that point,

339
00:17:05,230 --> 00:17:08,605
and then it tends to
return to a set point,

340
00:17:08,605 --> 00:17:11,170
except there are some
experiences where it

341
00:17:11,170 --> 00:17:13,630
doesn't return to the set point,

342
00:17:13,630 --> 00:17:15,355
which is very exciting.

343
00:17:15,355 --> 00:17:17,755
Unfortunately, it's
not a lottery.

344
00:17:17,755 --> 00:17:19,690
The lottery, it
increases and then it

345
00:17:19,690 --> 00:17:21,925
goes back to where
they were before.

346
00:17:21,925 --> 00:17:25,180
If people in widowhood, divorce,

347
00:17:25,180 --> 00:17:28,180
and unemployment take a hit,

348
00:17:28,180 --> 00:17:31,150
in their set point life
satisfaction and it

349
00:17:31,150 --> 00:17:32,260
doesn't tend to return to

350
00:17:32,260 --> 00:17:34,330
the same levels
it was at before.

351
00:17:34,330 --> 00:17:36,220
It can change by environment,

352
00:17:36,220 --> 00:17:38,920
but the only research
I can find is how

353
00:17:38,920 --> 00:17:43,340
depressing it is when
it doesn't return.

354
00:17:47,280 --> 00:17:50,920
At least the person's
faith is spared.

355
00:17:50,920 --> 00:17:53,650
A person might be doomed to

356
00:17:53,650 --> 00:17:56,530
be a low performer or
doomed to be unhappy,

357
00:17:56,530 --> 00:17:59,840
but at least they still
get to choose their faith.

358
00:18:00,330 --> 00:18:03,415
Unfortunately, I
have some bad news.

359
00:18:03,415 --> 00:18:06,520
Whether religiosity is measured

360
00:18:06,520 --> 00:18:08,965
as engaging in
religious activities,

361
00:18:08,965 --> 00:18:12,295
personal spirituality,
religious attitudes,

362
00:18:12,295 --> 00:18:15,700
or having a transformative
religious experience,

363
00:18:15,700 --> 00:18:18,925
it appears based on
twin studies again,

364
00:18:18,925 --> 00:18:21,040
that 30-60 percent of

365
00:18:21,040 --> 00:18:24,755
religiosity is
genetically influenced.

366
00:18:24,755 --> 00:18:28,559
Some people have a tendency to

367
00:18:28,559 --> 00:18:32,010
be more attracted
to spirituality,

368
00:18:32,010 --> 00:18:34,890
and some people have a
tendency to be less attracted,

369
00:18:34,890 --> 00:18:39,400
even more cynical about
those situations.

370
00:18:43,490 --> 00:18:46,630
Let's not stop there.

371
00:18:46,730 --> 00:18:50,805
Part of me says, well, at
least people get choices.

372
00:18:50,805 --> 00:18:52,935
There are things that I can do.

373
00:18:52,935 --> 00:18:54,615
I can be proactive,

374
00:18:54,615 --> 00:18:58,395
so whatever my predisposition
is, I'll be proactive.

375
00:18:58,395 --> 00:18:59,700
I'll be optimistic,

376
00:18:59,700 --> 00:19:02,835
the power of positive
thinking, that got to help,

377
00:19:02,835 --> 00:19:05,340
or a learning focus,

378
00:19:05,340 --> 00:19:09,480
a learning orientation,
that should help.

379
00:19:09,480 --> 00:19:12,720
This is the part
that really concerns

380
00:19:12,720 --> 00:19:15,195
me because if we look
at the research,

381
00:19:15,195 --> 00:19:17,130
researchers are
starting to measure

382
00:19:17,130 --> 00:19:19,320
these things and they're
starting to measure them

383
00:19:19,320 --> 00:19:22,185
in multiple points
of time and if

384
00:19:22,185 --> 00:19:25,470
there's correlations over
multiple points of time,

385
00:19:25,470 --> 00:19:31,665
they are labeling that
proactive personality.

386
00:19:31,665 --> 00:19:33,870
If there's any
consistency over time,

387
00:19:33,870 --> 00:19:37,500
they must have a predisposition
to be proactive.

388
00:19:37,500 --> 00:19:40,155
Optimistic personalities

389
00:19:40,155 --> 00:19:42,420
or learning-oriented
personalities,

390
00:19:42,420 --> 00:19:43,560
and I'll talk about that one

391
00:19:43,560 --> 00:19:45,000
in a minute because that is,

392
00:19:45,000 --> 00:19:48,075
quite honestly, the most
ironic one up there.

393
00:19:48,075 --> 00:19:49,860
Let me give you some examples.

394
00:19:49,860 --> 00:19:51,119
The proactive personality.

395
00:19:51,119 --> 00:19:54,765
Seibert and colleagues define
proactive personality as

396
00:19:54,765 --> 00:19:58,245
a stable disposition to take

397
00:19:58,245 --> 00:20:00,585
personal initiative
in a broad range

398
00:20:00,585 --> 00:20:03,225
of activities and situations.

399
00:20:03,225 --> 00:20:07,110
Optimism, researchers
regularly reference in

400
00:20:07,110 --> 00:20:09,930
the literature
optimistic personality

401
00:20:09,930 --> 00:20:13,830
and dispositional optimism.

402
00:20:13,830 --> 00:20:17,700
As I said, one of the greatest
ironies in my opinion is

403
00:20:17,700 --> 00:20:25,650
this learning orientation trait.

404
00:20:25,650 --> 00:20:28,005
Carol Dweck in the mid-1980s

405
00:20:28,005 --> 00:20:31,515
came up with the concept that

406
00:20:31,515 --> 00:20:34,815
people tend to view what
they're doing in terms of

407
00:20:34,815 --> 00:20:38,175
learning goals or
performance goals.

408
00:20:38,175 --> 00:20:40,800
Learning goals focus on
what am I going to learn,

409
00:20:40,800 --> 00:20:43,770
what skills am I
going to develop,

410
00:20:43,770 --> 00:20:48,195
which he later labeled
as a growth mindset.

411
00:20:48,195 --> 00:20:50,550
Intelligence can be developed,

412
00:20:50,550 --> 00:20:53,235
skills can be developed,

413
00:20:53,235 --> 00:20:58,710
or what she label the
performance orientation,

414
00:20:58,710 --> 00:21:02,835
they tend to have more
of a fixed mindset,

415
00:21:02,835 --> 00:21:04,980
and that fixed mindset says,

416
00:21:04,980 --> 00:21:07,005
I was born smarter or I wasn't,

417
00:21:07,005 --> 00:21:08,970
I was born good at
school or I wasn't,

418
00:21:08,970 --> 00:21:12,705
and what she found was
that students who adopted

419
00:21:12,705 --> 00:21:14,880
a growth mindset were much more

420
00:21:14,880 --> 00:21:17,850
likely to put forth
continuous effort.

421
00:21:17,850 --> 00:21:22,725
They were much more likely
to be resilient in failures,

422
00:21:22,725 --> 00:21:26,400
and they were much
more likely to bounce

423
00:21:26,400 --> 00:21:28,800
back in some and

424
00:21:28,800 --> 00:21:32,040
be persistent over
extended periods of time.

425
00:21:32,040 --> 00:21:37,110
Well, there's a lit
review in 2007,

426
00:21:37,110 --> 00:21:41,610
and Stephanie Pain
and colleagues wrote,

427
00:21:41,610 --> 00:21:43,665
Results indicate

428
00:21:43,665 --> 00:21:46,650
all three goal orientation
dimensions are

429
00:21:46,650 --> 00:21:52,155
stable at time intervals
ranging from 1-14 weeks.

430
00:21:52,155 --> 00:21:55,875
Stable 1-14 weeks,

431
00:21:55,875 --> 00:22:01,545
and we'll label that trait
learning orientation;

432
00:22:01,545 --> 00:22:03,090
which is ironic, you have

433
00:22:03,090 --> 00:22:05,595
the trait to naturally
want to learn.

434
00:22:05,595 --> 00:22:08,910
That defeats the whole purpose

435
00:22:08,910 --> 00:22:11,385
of what Carol Dweck
was trying to do.

436
00:22:11,385 --> 00:22:13,080
Well, what is that stability?

437
00:22:13,080 --> 00:22:15,090
Well, over 14 weeks,
the stability,

438
00:22:15,090 --> 00:22:17,879
if you look at the
details of the article,

439
00:22:17,879 --> 00:22:19,935
was a correlation of 0.6,

440
00:22:19,935 --> 00:22:22,800
so that represents 36
percent of the variance was

441
00:22:22,800 --> 00:22:25,770
consistent over a
14-week period.

442
00:22:25,770 --> 00:22:29,715
That's pretty unstable actually,

443
00:22:29,715 --> 00:22:33,105
and we still label it a trait,

444
00:22:33,105 --> 00:22:36,640
so people are born with
learning orientation or not.

445
00:22:37,130 --> 00:22:39,420
Here's my worry.

446
00:22:39,420 --> 00:22:41,280
The Zeitgeist of our times,

447
00:22:41,280 --> 00:22:42,465
at least in psychology,

448
00:22:42,465 --> 00:22:46,095
has changed from Skinner's
environmental determinism

449
00:22:46,095 --> 00:22:48,450
to today's genetic determinism.

450
00:22:48,450 --> 00:22:50,400
Skinner said, oh,

451
00:22:50,400 --> 00:22:51,510
it's all the environment,

452
00:22:51,510 --> 00:22:52,965
you don't make any choices,

453
00:22:52,965 --> 00:22:54,615
the environment
makes them for you.

454
00:22:54,615 --> 00:22:56,789
Well, now the pendulum

455
00:22:56,789 --> 00:22:59,520
has swung and now we're
talking about no,

456
00:22:59,520 --> 00:23:02,295
the personality, the person
they really have it,

457
00:23:02,295 --> 00:23:04,305
make a difference in the world.

458
00:23:04,305 --> 00:23:07,470
But the person is

459
00:23:07,470 --> 00:23:11,770
defined by their genetic
predispositions.

460
00:23:14,420 --> 00:23:18,430
Margaret referred to HiPos.

461
00:23:18,970 --> 00:23:21,800
The implications are clear with

462
00:23:21,800 --> 00:23:23,660
respect to job performance,

463
00:23:23,660 --> 00:23:27,740
I'm going to be hiring
people who are bright,

464
00:23:27,740 --> 00:23:29,225
conscientious,

465
00:23:29,225 --> 00:23:31,950
and emotionally stable because

466
00:23:31,950 --> 00:23:34,860
I want productive happy workers.

467
00:23:34,860 --> 00:23:38,050
Why would I do anything
short of that?

468
00:23:40,820 --> 00:23:43,920
It's interesting
because this has become

469
00:23:43,920 --> 00:23:46,380
the norm inside of
I/O psychology.

470
00:23:46,380 --> 00:23:48,480
I was at the SIOP Conference,

471
00:23:48,480 --> 00:23:50,130
which is our yearly conference

472
00:23:50,130 --> 00:23:52,005
that we have for, last year,

473
00:23:52,005 --> 00:23:55,290
and the vice president

474
00:23:55,290 --> 00:23:59,294
of talent management at PepsiCo
was there in a session.

475
00:23:59,294 --> 00:24:01,545
A very nice person,

476
00:24:01,545 --> 00:24:03,345
I really like him,

477
00:24:03,345 --> 00:24:08,159
and he was discussing
their HiPo program.

478
00:24:08,159 --> 00:24:11,160
By the way, I hesitated to say

479
00:24:11,160 --> 00:24:16,800
PepsiCo because this is a
criticism, but you know what?

480
00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:18,270
He was very open and people were

481
00:24:18,270 --> 00:24:19,770
very open to what he had to say,

482
00:24:19,770 --> 00:24:22,635
and the fact that nobody cared

483
00:24:22,635 --> 00:24:26,805
is what became the most
disturbing for me.

484
00:24:26,805 --> 00:24:31,650
He said that only 10-15 percent

485
00:24:31,650 --> 00:24:34,560
of leaders in any company
are high potentials.

486
00:24:34,560 --> 00:24:36,915
Then he pointed at the
audience and he said,

487
00:24:36,915 --> 00:24:39,465
if you're developing
more than 10-15 percent,

488
00:24:39,465 --> 00:24:42,045
you are wasting your resources,

489
00:24:42,045 --> 00:24:43,980
you should be investing those in

490
00:24:43,980 --> 00:24:46,545
the people who can really
use it and develop it.

491
00:24:46,545 --> 00:24:51,570
That just goes against every
moral fiber I have inside.

492
00:24:51,570 --> 00:24:54,510
Then he went on to talk about

493
00:24:54,510 --> 00:24:57,735
people who had fallen
off of the HiPo track.

494
00:24:57,735 --> 00:24:59,340
Someone asked the question,

495
00:24:59,340 --> 00:25:02,925
do they stay or what happens
if they no longer perform?

496
00:25:02,925 --> 00:25:07,050
He said, yes, that
does happen and we

497
00:25:07,050 --> 00:25:08,280
refer to those people as

498
00:25:08,280 --> 00:25:12,370
Alpos dog food,

499
00:25:13,190 --> 00:25:15,810
and everyone went,

500
00:25:15,810 --> 00:25:19,305
laughed and I thought really?

501
00:25:19,305 --> 00:25:21,120
At the same time,

502
00:25:21,120 --> 00:25:25,005
I'm looking around the
room and I was thinking,

503
00:25:25,005 --> 00:25:27,525
do you realize the
implication of that?

504
00:25:27,525 --> 00:25:30,060
Eighty-five percent of the
people in this room right now

505
00:25:30,060 --> 00:25:32,985
are Alpos that's
what he just said.

506
00:25:32,985 --> 00:25:36,045
I wouldn't be laughing
at that because that's

507
00:25:36,045 --> 00:25:39,490
what your company thinks
of you right now.

508
00:25:39,710 --> 00:25:42,795
At a personal level,

509
00:25:42,795 --> 00:25:45,885
he started off the
conference and

510
00:25:45,885 --> 00:25:49,875
the president was up there
and they introduced him,

511
00:25:49,875 --> 00:25:53,520
and they listed out
all the things he

512
00:25:53,520 --> 00:25:59,070
did and it included
261 peer-reviewed

513
00:25:59,070 --> 00:26:08,925
tier 1 articles, over
500 presentations.

514
00:26:08,925 --> 00:26:10,230
Then they put in lots of

515
00:26:10,230 --> 00:26:11,970
book chapters because
apparently they just

516
00:26:11,970 --> 00:26:13,695
couldn't count

517
00:26:13,695 --> 00:26:15,930
how many book chapters
he had been part of.

518
00:26:15,930 --> 00:26:18,450
They mentioned he brought
in $40 million in

519
00:26:18,450 --> 00:26:21,795
grants for his research study,

520
00:26:21,795 --> 00:26:25,980
and then they presented the
rest of the awards and I just

521
00:26:25,980 --> 00:26:29,730
started feeling smaller and
smaller while I'm there.

522
00:26:29,730 --> 00:26:31,980
I've talked about that with
some of my colleagues,

523
00:26:31,980 --> 00:26:33,495
it just gets depressing.

524
00:26:33,495 --> 00:26:36,885
After a while, who am I here?

525
00:26:36,885 --> 00:26:38,010
Not a HiPo.

526
00:26:38,010 --> 00:26:50,970
I felt a whole lot

527
00:26:50,970 --> 00:26:55,000
like a two-talent survey
in a 100-talent world.

528
00:26:55,340 --> 00:26:58,755
Let me go on with the
implications then.

529
00:26:58,755 --> 00:27:05,295
I think in some ways we're
there at Animal Farm.

530
00:27:05,295 --> 00:27:06,630
If you remember,
at the very last,

531
00:27:06,630 --> 00:27:08,160
the pigs put up a sign,

532
00:27:08,160 --> 00:27:12,180
"Everyone is equal, but some
are more equal than others."

533
00:27:12,180 --> 00:27:14,850
To date, we don't have

534
00:27:14,850 --> 00:27:16,650
any genetic tags for

535
00:27:16,650 --> 00:27:19,860
cognitive ability or
conscientiousness,

536
00:27:19,860 --> 00:27:24,555
or extraversion, or
emotional stability.

537
00:27:24,555 --> 00:27:27,030
Every article that I
read in preparation for

538
00:27:27,030 --> 00:27:30,180
this called for
future research to

539
00:27:30,180 --> 00:27:36,000
identify the genetic path
to identify those things.

540
00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:39,825
I think it's probably
only a matter of time

541
00:27:39,825 --> 00:27:43,950
before we find maybe not the
genes that create those,

542
00:27:43,950 --> 00:27:46,890
but indicators of those.

543
00:27:46,890 --> 00:27:49,800
In business, you tell
me what's easier,

544
00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:52,680
give people a test of

545
00:27:52,680 --> 00:27:54,855
their personality and
cognitive ability

546
00:27:54,855 --> 00:27:56,820
or take a blood sample?

547
00:27:56,820 --> 00:28:00,760
What happens when we can
take a blood sample?

548
00:28:06,770 --> 00:28:10,530
By the way, I'm not
an alarmist here,

549
00:28:10,530 --> 00:28:13,440
but if I naturally

550
00:28:13,440 --> 00:28:18,030
progress with this as far
as it's likely to go,

551
00:28:18,030 --> 00:28:21,040
I would say in the
next 25 years,

552
00:28:21,500 --> 00:28:26,115
the movie Gattaca portrays
the logical next step.

553
00:28:26,115 --> 00:28:28,440
Society might be made
up of two groups.

554
00:28:28,440 --> 00:28:29,550
In the movie, people who are

555
00:28:29,550 --> 00:28:31,260
genetically selected
at birth for

556
00:28:31,260 --> 00:28:33,764
positive characteristics
are preferred

557
00:28:33,764 --> 00:28:37,185
over natural-born ones where
it all comes out random.

558
00:28:37,185 --> 00:28:39,000
Who wouldn't do that?

559
00:28:39,000 --> 00:28:42,240
You have a chance to test and

560
00:28:42,240 --> 00:28:45,330
have a child to see
if they're bright,

561
00:28:45,330 --> 00:28:48,960
if they'll be happy
in their life,

562
00:28:48,960 --> 00:28:54,940
and if you don't, somebody
else will want to do that.

563
00:28:56,480 --> 00:29:01,155
That's a little scary for me.

564
00:29:01,155 --> 00:29:04,485
Now, theologically
it's no better

565
00:29:04,485 --> 00:29:08,315
because if we naturally
progress with that,

566
00:29:08,315 --> 00:29:12,260
it suggests that God has
created some people who are

567
00:29:12,260 --> 00:29:16,485
predestined to be more
productive at work,

568
00:29:16,485 --> 00:29:19,260
and worse, some people who
are predestined to be more

569
00:29:19,260 --> 00:29:23,535
happy at work and more of
satisfied with their life.

570
00:29:23,535 --> 00:29:27,610
Well, that doesn't
feel good either.

571
00:29:27,620 --> 00:29:30,105
This is all rather bleak.

572
00:29:30,105 --> 00:29:34,710
Can we take a Christian lens,

573
00:29:34,710 --> 00:29:37,410
and what should our response as

574
00:29:37,410 --> 00:29:40,395
a Christian community
be to these findings?

575
00:29:40,395 --> 00:29:44,235
If we look at the problem
through a Christian lens,

576
00:29:44,235 --> 00:29:47,410
does it open up
new possibilities?

577
00:29:49,700 --> 00:29:52,440
Well, there is one
obvious answer.

578
00:29:52,440 --> 00:30:02,650
Fortunately, we're
a Wesleyan school

579
00:30:02,650 --> 00:30:05,860
that focuses on

580
00:30:05,860 --> 00:30:08,620
the interactive
emergent relationships

581
00:30:08,620 --> 00:30:10,570
we can have with
a God who offers

582
00:30:10,570 --> 00:30:13,000
grace and then works
hand in hand with

583
00:30:13,000 --> 00:30:16,555
us to usher in the
Kingdom of God.

584
00:30:16,555 --> 00:30:20,470
Wesley, in Sermon
128 on Free Grace,

585
00:30:20,470 --> 00:30:24,460
which is his response to
predestination states,

586
00:30:24,460 --> 00:30:26,500
''This doctrine not only tends

587
00:30:26,500 --> 00:30:28,480
to destroy Christian holiness,

588
00:30:28,480 --> 00:30:30,085
happiness, and good works,

589
00:30:30,085 --> 00:30:33,595
but hath also a direct
and manifest tendency

590
00:30:33,595 --> 00:30:37,060
to overthrow the whole
Christian Revelation."

591
00:30:37,060 --> 00:30:39,260
I think that applies.

592
00:30:39,260 --> 00:30:41,460
Now John Wesley

593
00:30:41,460 --> 00:30:44,325
not mincing words
goes on to say,

594
00:30:44,325 --> 00:30:47,010
"Such blasphemy this,

595
00:30:47,010 --> 00:30:48,900
as one would think might make

596
00:30:48,900 --> 00:30:51,290
the ears of a Christian tingle.

597
00:30:51,290 --> 00:30:53,650
It overturns God's justice,

598
00:30:53,650 --> 00:30:55,510
mercy, and truth, yay.

599
00:30:55,510 --> 00:30:58,000
It represents the most
Holy God as worse

600
00:30:58,000 --> 00:31:00,565
than the devil as
both more false,

601
00:31:00,565 --> 00:31:03,980
more cruel, and more unjust."

602
00:31:04,860 --> 00:31:08,440
So do we have a better
Christian response?

603
00:31:08,440 --> 00:31:10,700
What would John Wesley say?

604
00:31:10,740 --> 00:31:16,255
What I would suggest
is that there is

605
00:31:16,255 --> 00:31:17,620
a way to acknowledge

606
00:31:17,620 --> 00:31:21,055
those findings and then
a way to transcend them.

607
00:31:21,055 --> 00:31:22,660
And I'm going to
suggest there are

608
00:31:22,660 --> 00:31:25,150
four specific elements that

609
00:31:25,150 --> 00:31:27,160
are important in
transcending them.

610
00:31:27,160 --> 00:31:29,410
These are, and I'm
going to read these off

611
00:31:29,410 --> 00:31:31,645
because this is the
heart of what I have to

612
00:31:31,645 --> 00:31:36,460
say and I'll expand on them
in a little bit, each.

613
00:31:36,460 --> 00:31:38,290
So a Christian
worldview starts with

614
00:31:38,290 --> 00:31:41,590
a community place,
to begin with.

615
00:31:41,590 --> 00:31:43,960
A Christian worldview
starts with

616
00:31:43,960 --> 00:31:46,600
a community-level
perspective where

617
00:31:46,600 --> 00:31:48,804
everybody has a place,

618
00:31:48,804 --> 00:31:52,585
a unique role to play that
is critical to the whole.

619
00:31:52,585 --> 00:31:54,520
Differences on any of

620
00:31:54,520 --> 00:31:57,715
those characteristics
are essential to

621
00:31:57,715 --> 00:32:00,430
the whole because they

622
00:32:00,430 --> 00:32:04,029
allow the whole to be better
than the sum of the parts.

623
00:32:04,029 --> 00:32:06,445
In other words, if you
maximize any one of those,

624
00:32:06,445 --> 00:32:09,070
there's no guarantee the
whole will be any better.

625
00:32:09,070 --> 00:32:11,095
Number 2, process.

626
00:32:11,095 --> 00:32:14,080
''A Christian worldview
calls people to explicitly

627
00:32:14,080 --> 00:32:18,610
recognize themselves as
created beings in process.

628
00:32:18,610 --> 00:32:20,020
People are called to adopt

629
00:32:20,020 --> 00:32:22,450
practices such as
gratitude, forgiveness,

630
00:32:22,450 --> 00:32:24,280
and learning that have the power

631
00:32:24,280 --> 00:32:26,770
to transcend personal
predispositions,

632
00:32:26,770 --> 00:32:29,620
as long as they are pre-practiced
and more permanently

633
00:32:29,620 --> 00:32:33,145
transcend predispositions
when they become habits.

634
00:32:33,145 --> 00:32:35,260
In fact, Christianity has

635
00:32:35,260 --> 00:32:39,055
several practices that science
is currently discovering,

636
00:32:39,055 --> 00:32:43,434
are precursors to personal
and community well-being.''

637
00:32:43,434 --> 00:32:45,625
In a little bit,
we'll find out that

638
00:32:45,625 --> 00:32:47,740
turns out the Bible has it

639
00:32:47,740 --> 00:32:49,120
right in terms of

640
00:32:49,120 --> 00:32:52,105
practices that can elevate
some of these things.

641
00:32:52,105 --> 00:32:53,710
Number 3, purpose.

642
00:32:53,710 --> 00:32:55,810
''A person's value
is not defined

643
00:32:55,810 --> 00:32:59,080
functionally by what they
can do or how they feel.

644
00:32:59,080 --> 00:33:01,360
It is not even defined
by who they are.

645
00:33:01,360 --> 00:33:04,509
Job performance and happiness
are secondary outcomes.

646
00:33:04,509 --> 00:33:06,070
A Christian worldview starts by

647
00:33:06,070 --> 00:33:08,110
defining each person
as inherently

648
00:33:08,110 --> 00:33:09,940
valuable as a child of

649
00:33:09,940 --> 00:33:12,850
God who was made in
the image of God.''

650
00:33:12,850 --> 00:33:14,635
And finally, purchase.

651
00:33:14,635 --> 00:33:16,120
You'll notice my change of tense

652
00:33:16,120 --> 00:33:19,330
here from we can do
those three things.

653
00:33:19,330 --> 00:33:24,055
In some ways, we're being
acted upon by God as well.

654
00:33:24,055 --> 00:33:25,300
''In a Christian worldview,

655
00:33:25,300 --> 00:33:27,235
people are not the first actors,

656
00:33:27,235 --> 00:33:29,350
but the recipients
of God's grace.

657
00:33:29,350 --> 00:33:30,610
They are called the partner with

658
00:33:30,610 --> 00:33:32,635
a loving God who is with them

659
00:33:32,635 --> 00:33:34,000
and for them and can do

660
00:33:34,000 --> 00:33:36,535
great things with the
little they have to offer.

661
00:33:36,535 --> 00:33:38,320
He's also just as likely to use

662
00:33:38,320 --> 00:33:41,515
their weaknesses as He is
to use their strengths.''

663
00:33:41,515 --> 00:33:43,510
Grand irony though it is.

664
00:33:43,510 --> 00:33:47,230
They can risk doing the
right things because

665
00:33:47,230 --> 00:33:51,760
they are confident that God
is in tomorrow's unknown.

666
00:33:51,760 --> 00:33:53,860
So taking these
three attributes,

667
00:33:53,860 --> 00:33:56,995
I'm going to look at each of
them across three levels.

668
00:33:56,995 --> 00:33:58,900
First of all, what does

669
00:33:58,900 --> 00:34:01,105
place look like in a
Christian community,

670
00:34:01,105 --> 00:34:03,730
what does place look like
in a business community,

671
00:34:03,730 --> 00:34:07,549
and what are the implications
for higher education?

672
00:34:08,370 --> 00:34:13,070
Let's start with
Potential as Place.

673
00:34:13,920 --> 00:34:16,525
The dominant culture,

674
00:34:16,525 --> 00:34:20,680
the image that we have is
survival of the fittest.

675
00:34:20,680 --> 00:34:25,015
We have a pyramid and
you look for hypos.

676
00:34:25,015 --> 00:34:28,285
Who will survive,
who will succeed?

677
00:34:28,285 --> 00:34:33,100
The Christian community
uses a different analogy,

678
00:34:33,100 --> 00:34:34,930
and that is the body of Christ.

679
00:34:34,930 --> 00:34:38,140
''Now, the body is not made
up of one part, but of many.

680
00:34:38,140 --> 00:34:39,755
If the whole body were an eye,

681
00:34:39,755 --> 00:34:41,505
where would the
sense of hearing be?

682
00:34:41,505 --> 00:34:43,035
If the whole body were an ear,

683
00:34:43,035 --> 00:34:44,760
where would the
sense of smell be?

684
00:34:44,760 --> 00:34:47,415
But in fact, God has arranged
the parts of the body,

685
00:34:47,415 --> 00:34:48,525
every one of them,

686
00:34:48,525 --> 00:34:50,370
just as He wanted them to be.

687
00:34:50,370 --> 00:34:52,230
The eye cannot say to the hand,

688
00:34:52,230 --> 00:34:55,050
I don't need you and

689
00:34:55,050 --> 00:34:57,390
the head cannot say to the
feet, I don't need you.

690
00:34:57,390 --> 00:34:59,010
On the contrary, those parts of

691
00:34:59,010 --> 00:35:01,155
the body that seem
to be weaker are

692
00:35:01,155 --> 00:35:03,165
indispensable and the parts

693
00:35:03,165 --> 00:35:05,100
that we think are
less honorable,

694
00:35:05,100 --> 00:35:06,635
we treat with special honor.

695
00:35:06,635 --> 00:35:08,170
The parts that are
unpresentable are

696
00:35:08,170 --> 00:35:09,940
treated with special modesty,

697
00:35:09,940 --> 00:35:14,065
while our presentable parts
need no special treatment.

698
00:35:14,065 --> 00:35:15,760
But God has combined
the members of

699
00:35:15,760 --> 00:35:17,650
the body and has given
greater honor to

700
00:35:17,650 --> 00:35:19,390
the parts that lacked it so

701
00:35:19,390 --> 00:35:21,490
that there should be no
division in the body,

702
00:35:21,490 --> 00:35:23,275
but that its parts should have

703
00:35:23,275 --> 00:35:25,240
equal concern for each other.

704
00:35:25,240 --> 00:35:26,605
If one part suffers,

705
00:35:26,605 --> 00:35:28,180
every part suffers with it.

706
00:35:28,180 --> 00:35:29,410
If one part is honored,

707
00:35:29,410 --> 00:35:31,240
every part rejoices with it.''

708
00:35:31,240 --> 00:35:35,725
So what are the
implications for business?

709
00:35:35,725 --> 00:35:37,420
Well, a few things.

710
00:35:37,420 --> 00:35:39,580
Number 1, you shouldn't be

711
00:35:39,580 --> 00:35:42,595
talking about high potentials
and low potentials.

712
00:35:42,595 --> 00:35:46,030
The critical question
is potential for what?

713
00:35:46,030 --> 00:35:48,445
Some people are maybe made for

714
00:35:48,445 --> 00:35:52,015
customer service or sales
or leadership positions.

715
00:35:52,015 --> 00:35:54,190
It's the wrong question.

716
00:35:54,190 --> 00:35:56,470
High potential or
not high potential.

717
00:35:56,470 --> 00:36:00,835
It's where do people fit
best in the larger body?

718
00:36:00,835 --> 00:36:04,840
The critical research then
becomes person-job fit.

719
00:36:04,840 --> 00:36:07,090
Can you get the people
in the right place?

720
00:36:07,090 --> 00:36:09,430
Because it turns out
high cognitive ability,

721
00:36:09,430 --> 00:36:12,745
people get really
bored in some jobs,

722
00:36:12,745 --> 00:36:16,180
and so you should get
them in jobs where they

723
00:36:16,180 --> 00:36:19,870
can develop themselves and
can stretch themselves.

724
00:36:19,870 --> 00:36:23,320
Turns out that extroverted
people love sales jobs,

725
00:36:23,320 --> 00:36:25,420
so get them in those places.

726
00:36:25,420 --> 00:36:29,275
And they hate jobs where they
have to sit behind a desk.

727
00:36:29,275 --> 00:36:32,500
That suggests a very
different way of looking at

728
00:36:32,500 --> 00:36:36,055
organizations and individual
selection, for example.

729
00:36:36,055 --> 00:36:39,535
If you don't like
the body analogy,

730
00:36:39,535 --> 00:36:42,490
one that we're using in
Seattle Pacific right now,

731
00:36:42,490 --> 00:36:46,870
our school is a jazz
combo where everybody

732
00:36:46,870 --> 00:36:51,235
is part of the larger whole.

733
00:36:51,235 --> 00:36:55,045
Everyone excels at what
they do but I'm better,

734
00:36:55,045 --> 00:36:57,610
I'm a trumpet player,
I'm better because

735
00:36:57,610 --> 00:37:00,970
Michael Row plays the
bass really well with me.

736
00:37:00,970 --> 00:37:03,505
Now we complement each other.

737
00:37:03,505 --> 00:37:07,330
And what becomes really
important there is how we

738
00:37:07,330 --> 00:37:09,460
interact and the processes in

739
00:37:09,460 --> 00:37:11,995
how we interact that are
particularly important.

740
00:37:11,995 --> 00:37:13,975
Each of us are individually

741
00:37:13,975 --> 00:37:16,795
successful but the
research area is,

742
00:37:16,795 --> 00:37:19,030
what are those
processes that do allow

743
00:37:19,030 --> 00:37:22,580
the whole to be greater
than the sum of the parts?

744
00:37:24,960 --> 00:37:28,225
We have some research
to support this.

745
00:37:28,225 --> 00:37:31,060
Leaders, it looks like
cognitive ability,

746
00:37:31,060 --> 00:37:32,860
extroversion, openness
to experience,

747
00:37:32,860 --> 00:37:35,050
and conscientiousness
in that order,

748
00:37:35,050 --> 00:37:36,910
tend to be some of the
highest predictors

749
00:37:36,910 --> 00:37:38,035
of their effectiveness.

750
00:37:38,035 --> 00:37:39,580
For sales folks, extroversion,

751
00:37:39,580 --> 00:37:42,205
conscientiousness, and
cognitive ability.

752
00:37:42,205 --> 00:37:45,355
For skilled labor,
emotional stability,

753
00:37:45,355 --> 00:37:47,575
conscientiousness, and
the mechanical ability.

754
00:37:47,575 --> 00:37:50,755
Just some of the research
studies that I looked at.

755
00:37:50,755 --> 00:37:53,410
You can see there are
different clusters in

756
00:37:53,410 --> 00:37:56,930
different patterns of what
makes people effective.

757
00:37:56,970 --> 00:37:59,740
For individuals, they suggest

758
00:37:59,740 --> 00:38:02,290
the best strategy is
to find a place in

759
00:38:02,290 --> 00:38:04,870
an organization where
you can leverage

760
00:38:04,870 --> 00:38:08,650
your strengths and manage
around your weaknesses.

761
00:38:08,650 --> 00:38:11,005
Inside the Church,

762
00:38:11,005 --> 00:38:14,560
I would suggest
it's really helpful

763
00:38:14,560 --> 00:38:17,815
to have cynical
people who question.

764
00:38:17,815 --> 00:38:20,110
Let's imagine that
everyone loved

765
00:38:20,110 --> 00:38:21,880
whatever religion came along or

766
00:38:21,880 --> 00:38:24,235
whatever spirituality
came along.

767
00:38:24,235 --> 00:38:26,860
Well, we'd all just
be going wherever.

768
00:38:26,860 --> 00:38:29,110
It really helps

769
00:38:29,110 --> 00:38:31,480
to have somebody in the
body of Christ who says,

770
00:38:31,480 --> 00:38:36,580
wait a minute, tell me why
you think that, I disagree.

771
00:38:36,580 --> 00:38:42,775
In that respect, the community
is really important.

772
00:38:42,775 --> 00:38:46,810
Having people cynical
of any spirituality

773
00:38:46,810 --> 00:38:51,040
out there keeps us as
a community on track.

774
00:38:51,040 --> 00:38:55,640
It also helps in higher
education, I would suggest.

775
00:38:55,710 --> 00:38:59,320
Even cynical
disagreeable professors

776
00:38:59,320 --> 00:39:01,000
may have a place in this group.

777
00:39:01,000 --> 00:39:10,615
Let's go to potential as place.

778
00:39:10,615 --> 00:39:14,065
Sorry, I'm sorry. Let me go.

779
00:39:14,065 --> 00:39:17,185
Well, let's go to
potential as a process.

780
00:39:17,185 --> 00:39:19,465
What are some implications?

781
00:39:19,465 --> 00:39:22,375
Just to cut it right down to,

782
00:39:22,375 --> 00:39:23,650
I'm very behavioral.

783
00:39:23,650 --> 00:39:24,910
I'm a psychologist.

784
00:39:24,910 --> 00:39:26,620
What can I do tomorrow,

785
00:39:26,620 --> 00:39:30,220
if that's true, especially
in higher education?

786
00:39:30,220 --> 00:39:31,600
Number one, how I grade

787
00:39:31,600 --> 00:39:33,715
papers makes a big
difference so,

788
00:39:33,715 --> 00:39:34,975
do I see myself?

789
00:39:34,975 --> 00:39:37,720
Do I see students as
problems to solve or do

790
00:39:37,720 --> 00:39:40,675
I see students as
potentials to be released?

791
00:39:40,675 --> 00:39:43,000
Also applies to me as a manager.

792
00:39:43,000 --> 00:39:45,055
When I'm looking at comments,

793
00:39:45,055 --> 00:39:50,950
are my comments
things like bad idea,

794
00:39:50,950 --> 00:39:53,230
awkward, doesn't work.

795
00:39:53,230 --> 00:39:55,705
Or are my comments,

796
00:39:55,705 --> 00:40:00,880
this is the nugget of a
great idea if you just,

797
00:40:00,880 --> 00:40:05,455
it starts with what could
be and it talks about,

798
00:40:05,455 --> 00:40:07,270
I can give get harsh feedback.

799
00:40:07,270 --> 00:40:09,070
But it talks about
the barriers that

800
00:40:09,070 --> 00:40:11,920
are getting in the way of
this person's potential.

801
00:40:11,920 --> 00:40:16,480
Number two, it means
we embrace diversity.

802
00:40:16,480 --> 00:40:21,490
We help students find their
place in the classroom.

803
00:40:21,490 --> 00:40:23,920
There's obviously gender and

804
00:40:23,920 --> 00:40:26,395
race diversity and
all of those things.

805
00:40:26,395 --> 00:40:30,270
It also means diversity in
terms of how students show up.

806
00:40:30,270 --> 00:40:33,405
Am I here creating a
classroom where cynics,

807
00:40:33,405 --> 00:40:34,800
introverts, talkers,

808
00:40:34,800 --> 00:40:37,850
and free thinkers all
have roles to play?

809
00:40:37,850 --> 00:40:42,820
I am at my best as a professor
when I stop and picture

810
00:40:42,820 --> 00:40:44,350
the Holy Spirit in the center of

811
00:40:44,350 --> 00:40:47,365
the room because it
does two things for me.

812
00:40:47,365 --> 00:40:51,070
Number one, it frees me up
from my PowerPoints because

813
00:40:51,070 --> 00:40:53,559
the center of the conversation

814
00:40:53,559 --> 00:40:55,000
is in the middle of the room.

815
00:40:55,000 --> 00:41:00,175
It also frees me up from
controlling it as facilitator.

816
00:41:00,175 --> 00:41:02,710
Instead, I'm picturing
the Holy Spirit,

817
00:41:02,710 --> 00:41:04,120
making all sorts of connections

818
00:41:04,120 --> 00:41:06,620
out there that I don't
even know about.

819
00:41:06,720 --> 00:41:09,265
I get to pray.

820
00:41:09,265 --> 00:41:11,020
I bring my expertise,

821
00:41:11,020 --> 00:41:13,435
I might bring my
facilitator skills,

822
00:41:13,435 --> 00:41:16,120
but the Holy Spirit is using

823
00:41:16,120 --> 00:41:17,140
me just as much as he's

824
00:41:17,140 --> 00:41:19,700
using the other
people in the room.

825
00:41:20,700 --> 00:41:23,830
Potential as process.

826
00:41:23,830 --> 00:41:26,920
Well, we have the
parable of the talents.

827
00:41:26,920 --> 00:41:29,604
I'm not going to
read it in detail,

828
00:41:29,604 --> 00:41:33,970
but the basic idea here is
that Christ told a parable

829
00:41:33,970 --> 00:41:36,220
about an owner who gave

830
00:41:36,220 --> 00:41:39,040
out five talents to
one servant and said,

831
00:41:39,040 --> 00:41:41,320
go use it two talents
to the next said,

832
00:41:41,320 --> 00:41:44,215
go use it and one
talent to the last.

833
00:41:44,215 --> 00:41:46,660
The five talent's servant
came back and he said,

834
00:41:46,660 --> 00:41:49,420
"Look, I have five
more for you."

835
00:41:49,420 --> 00:41:53,560
The Master said, "Well done,

836
00:41:53,560 --> 00:41:54,835
good and faithful servant.

837
00:41:54,835 --> 00:41:56,590
You have been faithful
with a few things,

838
00:41:56,590 --> 00:41:58,300
I will put you in
charge of many things.

839
00:41:58,300 --> 00:42:01,344
Come and share your
master's happiness."

840
00:42:01,344 --> 00:42:04,585
The two talent's
servant comes back.

841
00:42:04,585 --> 00:42:08,155
He comes back with
two talents made two.

842
00:42:08,155 --> 00:42:11,065
The master, says, "Well done,

843
00:42:11,065 --> 00:42:12,130
good and faithful servant.

844
00:42:12,130 --> 00:42:13,630
You have been faithful
with a few things,

845
00:42:13,630 --> 00:42:15,595
I will put you in
charge of many things.

846
00:42:15,595 --> 00:42:18,235
Come and share your
master's happiness."

847
00:42:18,235 --> 00:42:21,190
The one talent servant
comes back and says,

848
00:42:21,190 --> 00:42:22,330
"I know you're harsh,

849
00:42:22,330 --> 00:42:24,205
I know your heart. I
went and buried it."

850
00:42:24,205 --> 00:42:26,485
The master says, "You

851
00:42:26,485 --> 00:42:30,470
fool," or some words
to that effect.

852
00:42:31,620 --> 00:42:35,170
"Why didn't you at least
invest it, because, you know,

853
00:42:35,170 --> 00:42:37,360
I'm a hard guy and you at least

854
00:42:37,360 --> 00:42:40,550
could have gotten
interest in that way."

855
00:42:41,040 --> 00:42:44,200
Two lessons to take
away from that.

856
00:42:44,200 --> 00:42:46,390
One is that one talent, Robin,

857
00:42:46,390 --> 00:42:49,420
I have discussed this, what
the devil does that mean?

858
00:42:49,420 --> 00:42:53,905
I think it means be courageous
with what God gave you.

859
00:42:53,905 --> 00:42:55,300
It might only be one talent,

860
00:42:55,300 --> 00:42:57,430
but God has a special place for

861
00:42:57,430 --> 00:42:59,935
you so be courageous
with that one talent.

862
00:42:59,935 --> 00:43:02,830
I found myself
occasionally praying,

863
00:43:02,830 --> 00:43:04,420
thanking God that I'm not

864
00:43:04,420 --> 00:43:06,370
a five talent person because

865
00:43:06,370 --> 00:43:08,350
I've met some of those
people, they're kind of busy.

866
00:43:08,350 --> 00:43:11,980
I've said, thank you,

867
00:43:11,980 --> 00:43:15,355
God, the expectations are
a little lower for me.

868
00:43:15,355 --> 00:43:20,090
But I will be faithful
with the two you give me.

869
00:43:20,130 --> 00:43:27,115
God is likely to say to me
just like that five-person.

870
00:43:27,115 --> 00:43:28,570
Kenadine was one of them.

871
00:43:28,570 --> 00:43:29,710
We had her in a little bit ago.

872
00:43:29,710 --> 00:43:31,690
She's a five talent person.

873
00:43:31,690 --> 00:43:34,645
It just exhausts
me when I see her.

874
00:43:34,645 --> 00:43:38,405
But in heaven, if I'm
faithful with my two,

875
00:43:38,405 --> 00:43:40,110
God is just as
likely to say to me,

876
00:43:40,110 --> 00:43:41,910
"Well done, good and
faithful servant.

877
00:43:41,910 --> 00:43:43,530
You've been faithful
with a few things.

878
00:43:43,530 --> 00:43:45,240
I will put you in
charge of many things.

879
00:43:45,240 --> 00:43:47,354
Come and share your
master's happiness."

880
00:43:47,354 --> 00:43:50,080
Exactly the same thing.

881
00:43:52,890 --> 00:43:55,435
Potential as process.

882
00:43:55,435 --> 00:43:57,670
Do we have any research to
support that people can

883
00:43:57,670 --> 00:44:00,925
actually transcend who
they are? We sure do.

884
00:44:00,925 --> 00:44:03,340
Erickson has done a lot of

885
00:44:03,340 --> 00:44:06,160
research on expertise
and expert performance.

886
00:44:06,160 --> 00:44:08,920
What he finds and
a whole battery of

887
00:44:08,920 --> 00:44:11,950
researchers that he has is that

888
00:44:11,950 --> 00:44:14,530
genetic predispositions
or traits

889
00:44:14,530 --> 00:44:16,540
don't seem to predict who

890
00:44:16,540 --> 00:44:21,070
goes from average to
expert performance.

891
00:44:21,070 --> 00:44:22,810
What does predict?

892
00:44:22,810 --> 00:44:24,880
Lots of practice and

893
00:44:24,880 --> 00:44:27,640
very focused practice.
What does it take?

894
00:44:27,640 --> 00:44:32,095
It takes 10 years and
10,000 hours to get there.

895
00:44:32,095 --> 00:44:35,440
That's also very comforting
to me as a professor as well.

896
00:44:35,440 --> 00:44:39,715
I mean, I'm only four
years in so I'm close.

897
00:44:39,715 --> 00:44:46,465
But that suggests there
is a way to change that.

898
00:44:46,465 --> 00:44:49,225
Also the research on
learning orientation.

899
00:44:49,225 --> 00:44:51,700
Some of those things that
Carol Dweck did were

900
00:44:51,700 --> 00:44:54,910
instructions on a
piece of paper that

901
00:44:54,910 --> 00:44:58,750
changed the extent to which
people thought in terms

902
00:44:58,750 --> 00:45:02,875
of a fixed mindset or in
terms of a growth mindset.

903
00:45:02,875 --> 00:45:04,780
And it impacted how

904
00:45:04,780 --> 00:45:08,020
persistent they were in
tasks for the next day,

905
00:45:08,020 --> 00:45:09,625
for the next week,

906
00:45:09,625 --> 00:45:13,150
and in some studies
for multiple months.

907
00:45:13,150 --> 00:45:16,675
That's good.

908
00:45:16,675 --> 00:45:21,040
It also suggests that
double-loop learning is

909
00:45:21,040 --> 00:45:26,170
important and that is some
of my own research as well.

910
00:45:26,170 --> 00:45:29,290
If you look at how
do leaders develop,

911
00:45:29,290 --> 00:45:30,670
it turns out there are

912
00:45:30,670 --> 00:45:32,950
some predictors in
terms of who gets

913
00:45:32,950 --> 00:45:37,405
into leadership and some
predispositions that help you.

914
00:45:37,405 --> 00:45:39,310
But the research
suggests that those are

915
00:45:39,310 --> 00:45:41,350
probably tickets to play.

916
00:45:41,350 --> 00:45:43,960
They help get you there,

917
00:45:43,960 --> 00:45:46,330
but it's on the job.

918
00:45:46,330 --> 00:45:48,460
Trial by fire experiences.

919
00:45:48,460 --> 00:45:51,535
I'm not sure I'd ever want
to live through this again

920
00:45:51,535 --> 00:45:53,680
that refines those skills

921
00:45:53,680 --> 00:45:55,585
into something they
can really use.

922
00:45:55,585 --> 00:45:57,970
Now, if you take it
one step further,

923
00:45:57,970 --> 00:45:59,710
it gets even more
interesting and that

924
00:45:59,710 --> 00:46:01,510
is that not everyone

925
00:46:01,510 --> 00:46:03,250
who goes through those
experiences necessarily

926
00:46:03,250 --> 00:46:05,425
comes out a better leader
on the other side.

927
00:46:05,425 --> 00:46:07,195
What did they do differently?

928
00:46:07,195 --> 00:46:10,220
Well, let's see.

929
00:46:12,690 --> 00:46:15,370
They have goals for themselves.

930
00:46:15,370 --> 00:46:16,750
They seek feedback, they

931
00:46:16,750 --> 00:46:21,100
reflect on their
learning along the way.

932
00:46:21,100 --> 00:46:24,280
There are all sorts of
other ideas there that you

933
00:46:24,280 --> 00:46:28,160
might want to look at.

934
00:46:32,810 --> 00:46:36,060
Let's take some of these
genetic influences

935
00:46:36,060 --> 00:46:37,875
and go straight after that.

936
00:46:37,875 --> 00:46:42,660
Number 1, this is the breakdown
of life satisfaction.

937
00:46:42,660 --> 00:46:45,074
I told you about 50
percent is genetic,

938
00:46:45,074 --> 00:46:47,280
about 10 percent is
shared environments.

939
00:46:47,280 --> 00:46:51,540
Your parents or your socioeconomic
status, those things.

940
00:46:51,540 --> 00:46:54,090
The last is this unshared,

941
00:46:54,090 --> 00:46:56,430
what they call
unshared environment.

942
00:46:56,430 --> 00:46:58,890
Which if you'd use a
deterministic model,

943
00:46:58,890 --> 00:47:01,155
is random things that
are bumping into you,

944
00:47:01,155 --> 00:47:02,730
cause you to be happy.

945
00:47:02,730 --> 00:47:05,715
Why did they label it
unshared environment,

946
00:47:05,715 --> 00:47:07,305
it seems like there may be

947
00:47:07,305 --> 00:47:09,525
multiple things that
could be in there.

948
00:47:09,525 --> 00:47:13,410
Let's use the word
freewill, for example.

949
00:47:13,410 --> 00:47:15,840
People are making choices that

950
00:47:15,840 --> 00:47:18,165
could maybe impact
those other things.

951
00:47:18,165 --> 00:47:20,010
Also it bugs me as a researcher

952
00:47:20,010 --> 00:47:22,200
don't mention error
anywhere in their model.

953
00:47:22,200 --> 00:47:25,035
Apparently they account for
100 percent of the variance.

954
00:47:25,035 --> 00:47:28,170
That doesn't happen ever.

955
00:47:28,170 --> 00:47:32,280
I think there are some
foundational research issues

956
00:47:32,280 --> 00:47:33,630
they have with this.

957
00:47:33,630 --> 00:47:36,120
There has been some
follow-up work that says,

958
00:47:36,120 --> 00:47:39,420
can people adopt
some behaviors and

959
00:47:39,420 --> 00:47:44,280
habits in that green area that
can affect the blue area?

960
00:47:44,280 --> 00:47:46,485
The answer is yes.

961
00:47:46,485 --> 00:47:48,930
If you look at the blue line,

962
00:47:48,930 --> 00:47:51,300
that's maybe your
happiness set point.

963
00:47:51,300 --> 00:47:54,210
Some people just struggle,

964
00:47:54,210 --> 00:47:57,300
they are clinically
depressed people.

965
00:47:57,300 --> 00:48:01,680
Some of us are just a little
more anxious than others.

966
00:48:01,680 --> 00:48:05,490
But research and some of

967
00:48:05,490 --> 00:48:08,025
the most interesting pieces

968
00:48:08,025 --> 00:48:12,315
were published in 2005
by Martin Seligman.

969
00:48:12,315 --> 00:48:14,790
For example, what he did was he

970
00:48:14,790 --> 00:48:19,830
had people engage in gratitude.

971
00:48:19,830 --> 00:48:21,060
At the end of every day,

972
00:48:21,060 --> 00:48:25,530
they listed three things they
were grateful for a week.

973
00:48:25,530 --> 00:48:28,410
What he found was that

974
00:48:28,410 --> 00:48:29,970
their happiness or

975
00:48:29,970 --> 00:48:32,955
their life satisfaction
level bumped up.

976
00:48:32,955 --> 00:48:35,415
He measured it over one month,

977
00:48:35,415 --> 00:48:36,780
three months, six months.

978
00:48:36,780 --> 00:48:38,400
Six months later,

979
00:48:38,400 --> 00:48:42,270
they were still significantly
higher than they were at

980
00:48:42,270 --> 00:48:44,535
the beginning of the process

981
00:48:44,535 --> 00:48:48,240
and they were significantly
higher than a control group.

982
00:48:48,240 --> 00:48:50,550
In other words, their happiness

983
00:48:50,550 --> 00:48:53,100
set point probably
stayed the same,

984
00:48:53,100 --> 00:48:56,745
but as long as they adopted
a practice every day,

985
00:48:56,745 --> 00:49:00,810
they kept bumping it back up
to a higher happiness level.

986
00:49:00,810 --> 00:49:04,230
Are there other behaviors that

987
00:49:04,230 --> 00:49:07,470
allow us to keep bumping
up that happiness level?

988
00:49:07,470 --> 00:49:08,760
Well, in that research,

989
00:49:08,760 --> 00:49:10,675
they did use something,

990
00:49:10,675 --> 00:49:13,760
a measure he developed
called signature strengths.

991
00:49:13,760 --> 00:49:15,500
I call it, for example,

992
00:49:15,500 --> 00:49:16,925
I don't know if it
gets to the spirit,

993
00:49:16,925 --> 00:49:18,860
perhaps you could use that.

994
00:49:18,860 --> 00:49:20,480
The extent to which people found

995
00:49:20,480 --> 00:49:21,905
the things they were
good at and they

996
00:49:21,905 --> 00:49:24,925
found a way to consciously
use it every week.

997
00:49:24,925 --> 00:49:27,030
They kept bumping their
happiness level and it

998
00:49:27,030 --> 00:49:31,350
showed same thing happened
over six month period.

999
00:49:31,350 --> 00:49:34,784
Other research looks at
the extent to which people

1000
00:49:34,784 --> 00:49:39,240
have loving kindness reflection,
meditation every day.

1001
00:49:39,240 --> 00:49:41,220
There are some
research on prayer and

1002
00:49:41,220 --> 00:49:44,085
meditation as a way to
bump up that happiness.

1003
00:49:44,085 --> 00:49:45,600
That being part of a spiritual

1004
00:49:45,600 --> 00:49:49,650
community bumps up
that happiness level.

1005
00:49:49,650 --> 00:49:51,555
Now if you look at

1006
00:49:51,555 --> 00:49:53,220
just the distribution of

1007
00:49:53,220 --> 00:49:55,905
life satisfaction
in the literature,

1008
00:49:55,905 --> 00:49:59,100
what you find is that people
aren't at the median.

1009
00:49:59,100 --> 00:50:03,255
The mean is they tend
to be pretty happy.

1010
00:50:03,255 --> 00:50:06,045
One hypothesis would be,

1011
00:50:06,045 --> 00:50:07,320
there are a lot of people out

1012
00:50:07,320 --> 00:50:09,060
there who are bumping that up

1013
00:50:09,060 --> 00:50:12,615
every day and maybe

1014
00:50:12,615 --> 00:50:16,690
having a resting happiness
point at a higher level.

1015
00:50:17,720 --> 00:50:22,185
Dr. Datums had our
graduate students

1016
00:50:22,185 --> 00:50:24,600
spend a quarter thinking

1017
00:50:24,600 --> 00:50:30,990
about freewill and reading a
terribly thick book on it.

1018
00:50:30,990 --> 00:50:33,030
After spending a
quarter studying

1019
00:50:33,030 --> 00:50:35,250
theory and research
on freewill with

1020
00:50:35,250 --> 00:50:36,825
our own Dr. Datums

1021
00:50:36,825 --> 00:50:40,770
our doctoral I-O students
last year concluded,

1022
00:50:40,770 --> 00:50:44,400
"We have freewill; we just
don't use it very often."

1023
00:50:44,400 --> 00:50:50,880
I actually think

1024
00:50:50,880 --> 00:50:53,070
this is one of the most
wonderful insights

1025
00:50:53,070 --> 00:50:55,440
that I've had yet.

1026
00:50:55,440 --> 00:50:58,755
Maybe we all do have
that resting happiness

1027
00:50:58,755 --> 00:51:00,060
and we could be happier,

1028
00:51:00,060 --> 00:51:01,290
we just don't do it very often.

1029
00:51:01,290 --> 00:51:03,400
Don't use it very often.

1030
00:51:04,250 --> 00:51:06,510
Potential is process,

1031
00:51:06,510 --> 00:51:08,625
what does that mean for
an academic setting?

1032
00:51:08,625 --> 00:51:12,195
Well, it means people
probably come in

1033
00:51:12,195 --> 00:51:13,830
with some predispositions in

1034
00:51:13,830 --> 00:51:15,915
terms of their ability to learn,

1035
00:51:15,915 --> 00:51:18,030
their ability to
acquire new knowledge,

1036
00:51:18,030 --> 00:51:19,935
their ability to
think independently

1037
00:51:19,935 --> 00:51:21,570
but are there some skills we

1038
00:51:21,570 --> 00:51:25,290
can give them that
transcend that learning?

1039
00:51:25,290 --> 00:51:26,940
Well, we can give them
critical thinking,

1040
00:51:26,940 --> 00:51:29,550
we can give them self
management, self-regulation.

1041
00:51:29,550 --> 00:51:31,920
We can instill a
sense of curiosity,

1042
00:51:31,920 --> 00:51:33,060
a love of learning.

1043
00:51:33,060 --> 00:51:35,010
We can help them
figure out how to

1044
00:51:35,010 --> 00:51:36,030
leverage their strengths and

1045
00:51:36,030 --> 00:51:38,055
manage around their weaknesses.

1046
00:51:38,055 --> 00:51:40,545
If we look at fluid
intelligence,

1047
00:51:40,545 --> 00:51:43,845
it actually decreases
over time, sorry.

1048
00:51:43,845 --> 00:51:47,460
But if you start looking
at the literature,

1049
00:51:47,460 --> 00:51:50,010
you can see that
people can adopt

1050
00:51:50,010 --> 00:51:53,910
some learning
characteristics that

1051
00:51:53,910 --> 00:51:56,130
again allow them to bump it up.

1052
00:51:56,130 --> 00:51:58,740
One of the most interesting
pieces there is experience.

1053
00:51:58,740 --> 00:52:01,800
Older workers have
a less intelligent,

1054
00:52:01,800 --> 00:52:03,960
which I'm finding every day.

1055
00:52:03,960 --> 00:52:07,305
But if you look,

1056
00:52:07,305 --> 00:52:10,950
their performance stays
at elevated levels.

1057
00:52:10,950 --> 00:52:13,905
There's a couple of really
interesting studies on that.

1058
00:52:13,905 --> 00:52:17,220
What they do is they use their
experience or crystallized

1059
00:52:17,220 --> 00:52:18,975
intelligence to make up

1060
00:52:18,975 --> 00:52:21,880
for the fact that they
can't think on their feet.

1061
00:52:25,430 --> 00:52:28,380
Potential is purpose.

1062
00:52:28,380 --> 00:52:30,075
What is the purpose?

1063
00:52:30,075 --> 00:52:34,380
If we take the default in

1064
00:52:34,380 --> 00:52:36,810
our culture I would argue that

1065
00:52:36,810 --> 00:52:40,470
the dominant narrative
in our culture today,

1066
00:52:40,470 --> 00:52:42,285
potential is defined
functionally.

1067
00:52:42,285 --> 00:52:47,205
What can you do? The
utility you have.

1068
00:52:47,205 --> 00:52:49,920
In Christianity, we define

1069
00:52:49,920 --> 00:52:52,950
potential purpose
very differently.

1070
00:52:52,950 --> 00:52:54,840
When Jesus is asked to name

1071
00:52:54,840 --> 00:52:56,610
the greatest
commandment, he replied,

1072
00:52:56,610 --> 00:52:58,530
love the Lord your God
with all your heart,

1073
00:52:58,530 --> 00:53:00,420
with all your soul,
with all your mind.

1074
00:53:00,420 --> 00:53:02,280
This is the first and
greatest commandment.

1075
00:53:02,280 --> 00:53:04,800
The second is like it, love
your neighbor as yourself.

1076
00:53:04,800 --> 00:53:06,420
All the law and the prophets

1077
00:53:06,420 --> 00:53:09,100
hang on these two commandments.

1078
00:53:10,040 --> 00:53:12,930
Our School of Business has done

1079
00:53:12,930 --> 00:53:15,870
some really interesting
thinking in

1080
00:53:15,870 --> 00:53:18,315
terms of what is the
purpose of business

1081
00:53:18,315 --> 00:53:20,985
if it's not to maximize
shareholder value,

1082
00:53:20,985 --> 00:53:24,720
which they argue is a
means but not the end.

1083
00:53:24,720 --> 00:53:26,910
What would be the end?

1084
00:53:26,910 --> 00:53:30,615
They propose there
are two pieces.

1085
00:53:30,615 --> 00:53:33,915
Produce goods, services
that promote flourishing.

1086
00:53:33,915 --> 00:53:35,670
That's the purpose of
business and number

1087
00:53:35,670 --> 00:53:37,635
2 enable creative work.

1088
00:53:37,635 --> 00:53:41,490
Help employees use
their God given gifts.

1089
00:53:41,490 --> 00:53:42,960
I would add a third there,

1090
00:53:42,960 --> 00:53:45,390
which is living a holy
and righteous life.

1091
00:53:45,390 --> 00:53:48,720
How you show up at work
really matters as well.

1092
00:53:48,720 --> 00:53:51,045
In a little bit we'll
talk about redemption,

1093
00:53:51,045 --> 00:53:53,370
which another a couple
of folks here at

1094
00:53:53,370 --> 00:53:58,140
Seattle Pacific have
some interesting things

1095
00:53:58,140 --> 00:54:00,420
to say as well.

1096
00:54:00,420 --> 00:54:01,964
Here's what's interesting.

1097
00:54:01,964 --> 00:54:05,680
I'm going to quote the great
theologian Warren Buffett,

1098
00:54:06,560 --> 00:54:09,495
the billionaire Warren Buffett.

1099
00:54:09,495 --> 00:54:11,250
Somebody once said that,

1100
00:54:11,250 --> 00:54:12,750
"In looking for people to hire,

1101
00:54:12,750 --> 00:54:14,579
you should look for
three qualities,

1102
00:54:14,579 --> 00:54:17,520
integrity, intelligence,
and energy.

1103
00:54:17,520 --> 00:54:19,335
If they don't have the first,

1104
00:54:19,335 --> 00:54:20,835
the other two will kill you.

1105
00:54:20,835 --> 00:54:22,875
If you hire somebody
without integrity,

1106
00:54:22,875 --> 00:54:26,160
you really want them
to be dumb and lazy."

1107
00:54:26,160 --> 00:54:37,180
Here's what's interesting
on the purpose, peace.

1108
00:54:37,180 --> 00:54:39,040
There's been some research on

1109
00:54:39,040 --> 00:54:41,125
people having
conversion experiences.

1110
00:54:41,125 --> 00:54:42,250
What they find is that

1111
00:54:42,250 --> 00:54:44,380
their personality and
temperaments don't

1112
00:54:44,380 --> 00:54:48,489
change before and
after conversion.

1113
00:54:48,489 --> 00:54:50,575
What does change?

1114
00:54:50,575 --> 00:54:54,190
Mid-level functions
such as goals,

1115
00:54:54,190 --> 00:54:57,400
coping strategies,
values, attitudes,

1116
00:54:57,400 --> 00:55:00,759
behaviors, and how people
think about themselves,

1117
00:55:00,759 --> 00:55:03,040
identity, their value and

1118
00:55:03,040 --> 00:55:05,424
the meaning they
assign to events.

1119
00:55:05,424 --> 00:55:07,090
That's pretty powerful.

1120
00:55:07,090 --> 00:55:08,770
You don't change
your personality,

1121
00:55:08,770 --> 00:55:13,480
but you use it differently
after you become a Christian.

1122
00:55:13,480 --> 00:55:15,775
I think that's really powerful.

1123
00:55:15,775 --> 00:55:17,650
There have been a couple of

1124
00:55:17,650 --> 00:55:21,070
more recent lit reviews
that have been done

1125
00:55:21,070 --> 00:55:26,860
around religious practices
as good self-regulation.

1126
00:55:26,860 --> 00:55:28,795
People tend to live longer,

1127
00:55:28,795 --> 00:55:30,535
they tend to be happier,

1128
00:55:30,535 --> 00:55:32,830
they tend to report
higher well-being over

1129
00:55:32,830 --> 00:55:35,260
time because those
religious practices

1130
00:55:35,260 --> 00:55:37,045
allow them to self-regulate

1131
00:55:37,045 --> 00:55:40,540
and be better people
as they go through.

1132
00:55:40,540 --> 00:55:43,105
Not again, that that's the goal,

1133
00:55:43,105 --> 00:55:48,370
but it turns out that
living well is living well

1134
00:55:48,370 --> 00:55:59,635
What are the implications
for higher education?

1135
00:55:59,635 --> 00:56:01,270
It means it's really

1136
00:56:01,270 --> 00:56:03,895
important to educate
the whole person.

1137
00:56:03,895 --> 00:56:07,810
It also means that

1138
00:56:07,810 --> 00:56:09,850
the character of the professor

1139
00:56:09,850 --> 00:56:12,445
and the students really matters.

1140
00:56:12,445 --> 00:56:15,250
As Parker Palmer challenges us,

1141
00:56:15,250 --> 00:56:16,420
the teacher's role needs to

1142
00:56:16,420 --> 00:56:18,460
be approached with authenticity,

1143
00:56:18,460 --> 00:56:21,775
humility, openness,
rigor, and love.

1144
00:56:21,775 --> 00:56:24,370
Again, let me reflect
back to the SIOP,

1145
00:56:24,370 --> 00:56:26,170
the conference I was just at.

1146
00:56:26,170 --> 00:56:28,060
I attended a coaching
workshop and this is

1147
00:56:28,060 --> 00:56:30,130
a coach who coaches

1148
00:56:30,130 --> 00:56:32,380
executives at Fortune
100 companies

1149
00:56:32,380 --> 00:56:34,465
all over the United States,

1150
00:56:34,465 --> 00:56:38,090
found that he just
took a job at Google.

1151
00:56:39,390 --> 00:56:42,145
He was talking about coaching,

1152
00:56:42,145 --> 00:56:44,290
and halfway through
the workshop,

1153
00:56:44,290 --> 00:56:46,750
he said, let me tell you one of

1154
00:56:46,750 --> 00:56:50,335
the secrets of being a
really good executive coach.

1155
00:56:50,335 --> 00:56:51,730
You have to ask yourself,

1156
00:56:51,730 --> 00:56:53,620
do you love this person?

1157
00:56:53,620 --> 00:56:58,285
This is at a professional
secular event

1158
00:56:58,285 --> 00:57:01,135
and executive coaching,

1159
00:57:01,135 --> 00:57:02,740
which is all about performance,

1160
00:57:02,740 --> 00:57:05,585
and he asked, do you
love the person?

1161
00:57:05,585 --> 00:57:07,920
To be effective, you
really need to care

1162
00:57:07,920 --> 00:57:10,095
about and love the person
that you are coaching.

1163
00:57:10,095 --> 00:57:14,235
His point was, you need to
be able to relate to them,

1164
00:57:14,235 --> 00:57:16,380
understand the world
from their perspective,

1165
00:57:16,380 --> 00:57:18,405
and they need to
understand who you are,

1166
00:57:18,405 --> 00:57:22,610
that you are committed to
them and their success.

1167
00:57:22,650 --> 00:57:31,940
Wow. Let me finish with
potential as purchased.

1168
00:57:32,100 --> 00:57:36,235
I think the other key
dimension in terms of thinking

1169
00:57:36,235 --> 00:57:40,390
about human potential is
that we are purchased.

1170
00:57:40,390 --> 00:57:44,425
Ultimately, a Christian
worldview proposes that

1171
00:57:44,425 --> 00:57:48,250
our potential goes even
further beyond what we do,

1172
00:57:48,250 --> 00:57:49,810
beyond who we are,

1173
00:57:49,810 --> 00:57:54,160
to focus on who's we are
according to Auskianus.

1174
00:57:54,160 --> 00:57:57,550
People are loved unconditionally

1175
00:57:57,550 --> 00:57:59,469
by the creator of the universe.

1176
00:57:59,469 --> 00:58:02,185
This is a God who
not only loves us,

1177
00:58:02,185 --> 00:58:03,820
he likes us,

1178
00:58:03,820 --> 00:58:06,800
and that's hard for me.

1179
00:58:06,810 --> 00:58:09,940
We are called the accept
the love and live our lives

1180
00:58:09,940 --> 00:58:12,550
as a grateful response.

1181
00:58:12,550 --> 00:58:15,115
God is the first
actor, we follow.

1182
00:58:15,115 --> 00:58:19,580
There is no corollary
in secular society.

1183
00:58:19,710 --> 00:58:23,905
In addition, Christians
have this really weird,

1184
00:58:23,905 --> 00:58:30,310
crazy worldview that we can show

1185
00:58:30,310 --> 00:58:32,110
up with five loaves and

1186
00:58:32,110 --> 00:58:36,970
two fishes and God can
feed 5,000 people.

1187
00:58:36,970 --> 00:58:39,580
I don't think
there's a corollary

1188
00:58:39,580 --> 00:58:42,250
out there in secular society,

1189
00:58:42,250 --> 00:58:43,825
and I believe that.

1190
00:58:43,825 --> 00:58:46,060
I believe I can have
a conversation with

1191
00:58:46,060 --> 00:58:48,820
somebody and it might change
the course of their life,

1192
00:58:48,820 --> 00:58:51,280
not through me, but

1193
00:58:51,280 --> 00:58:53,020
God might be opening up

1194
00:58:53,020 --> 00:58:55,510
some of those
opportunities for me.

1195
00:58:55,510 --> 00:58:58,730
That's crazy.

1196
00:58:59,820 --> 00:59:05,940
Also God has this
really weird bias

1197
00:59:05,940 --> 00:59:08,475
towards using our
weaknesses too.

1198
00:59:08,475 --> 00:59:12,495
The way I talk with
students about that is,

1199
00:59:12,495 --> 00:59:13,950
how many of you
have been in one of

1200
00:59:13,950 --> 00:59:17,010
those tough places in your
life and you're sitting across

1201
00:59:17,010 --> 00:59:19,900
from somebody and
the first person

1202
00:59:19,900 --> 00:59:21,310
you sit across from says,

1203
00:59:21,310 --> 00:59:22,630
oh, I'm successful.

1204
00:59:22,630 --> 00:59:23,890
Here's what you ought do,

1205
00:59:23,890 --> 00:59:27,610
and they name the five-point
plan for you to really be.

1206
00:59:27,610 --> 00:59:29,965
Then you sit across from
somebody who's been through it

1207
00:59:29,965 --> 00:59:32,890
before and you look in
their eyes and you say,

1208
00:59:32,890 --> 00:59:34,870
you've been through it before.

1209
00:59:34,870 --> 00:59:38,110
That's the person
who I think has

1210
00:59:38,110 --> 00:59:42,620
a much better chance of
changing who I am in my heart.

1211
00:59:43,290 --> 00:59:47,440
There was a mission trip
when I was working with

1212
00:59:47,440 --> 00:59:52,000
a group of folks and they're
going down to Argentina.

1213
00:59:52,000 --> 00:59:53,920
One of the women
had been through

1214
00:59:53,920 --> 00:59:55,240
a really tough divorce,

1215
00:59:55,240 --> 00:59:56,320
and as she was talking about

1216
00:59:56,320 --> 00:59:58,670
her story, she just broke down.

1217
00:59:59,460 --> 01:00:01,870
They were retired missionaries,

1218
01:00:01,870 --> 01:00:05,725
and the missionary wife
turned to her and said,

1219
01:00:05,725 --> 01:00:08,980
that is what God's going
to use during this trip.

1220
01:00:08,980 --> 01:00:11,080
There's going to be somebody

1221
01:00:11,080 --> 01:00:12,430
when you knock on the door that

1222
01:00:12,430 --> 01:00:16,640
God is going to use
that piece of you.

1223
01:00:16,830 --> 01:00:23,270
Everyone around the room
said, God does that.

1224
01:00:26,610 --> 01:00:28,825
Brothers and sisters,

1225
01:00:28,825 --> 01:00:31,225
think of what you were
when you were called.

1226
01:00:31,225 --> 01:00:34,705
Not many of you were
wise by human standards,

1227
01:00:34,705 --> 01:00:37,150
Paul writes to the
church in Corinth.

1228
01:00:37,150 --> 01:00:40,540
Thanks, Paul. Not

1229
01:00:40,540 --> 01:00:42,310
many of you were influential,

1230
01:00:42,310 --> 01:00:44,530
not many of you were
of noble birth,

1231
01:00:44,530 --> 01:00:46,510
but God chose the foolish things

1232
01:00:46,510 --> 01:00:47,950
of the world to shame the wise,

1233
01:00:47,950 --> 01:00:49,390
God chose the weak things of

1234
01:00:49,390 --> 01:00:51,250
the world to shame the strong,

1235
01:00:51,250 --> 01:00:53,170
He chose the lowly
things of the world and

1236
01:00:53,170 --> 01:00:55,390
the despise things and
the things that are

1237
01:00:55,390 --> 01:00:57,475
not to nullify the
things that are

1238
01:00:57,475 --> 01:00:59,995
so that no one may
boast before Him.

1239
01:00:59,995 --> 01:01:03,730
It is because of Him that
you are in Christ Jesus,

1240
01:01:03,730 --> 01:01:05,470
who has become for us,

1241
01:01:05,470 --> 01:01:07,450
wisdom from God, that is

1242
01:01:07,450 --> 01:01:10,970
our righteousness,
holiness, and redemption.

1243
01:01:10,980 --> 01:01:16,720
The other piece of that
is that in business,

1244
01:01:16,720 --> 01:01:20,245
that means we are called
the be a people of hope.

1245
01:01:20,245 --> 01:01:22,150
A lot of times I think

1246
01:01:22,150 --> 01:01:24,505
Christians are
people of judgment,

1247
01:01:24,505 --> 01:01:27,280
but I think we're called to
be those people of hope.

1248
01:01:27,280 --> 01:01:30,080
This is a hopeful message.

1249
01:01:31,170 --> 01:01:35,935
Secondly, we're called to be
a people of reconciliation.

1250
01:01:35,935 --> 01:01:41,150
Dr. Diddums and Dr.
Daniels wrote a paper on,

1251
01:01:41,160 --> 01:01:45,055
the Kingdom of God is
here, but not yet.

1252
01:01:45,055 --> 01:01:47,605
We recognize there's a tension

1253
01:01:47,605 --> 01:01:49,540
out there in the workplace.

1254
01:01:49,540 --> 01:01:51,070
I was working with some of

1255
01:01:51,070 --> 01:01:52,180
our students and they were going

1256
01:01:52,180 --> 01:01:54,880
through the Washington
Mutual downsizing,

1257
01:01:54,880 --> 01:01:57,430
and people were turning nasty.

1258
01:01:57,430 --> 01:01:59,560
People who they trusted,
who were friends,

1259
01:01:59,560 --> 01:02:02,590
started to grab power and grab

1260
01:02:02,590 --> 01:02:04,450
responsibility and
grab credit for

1261
01:02:04,450 --> 01:02:05,620
things so that they would be

1262
01:02:05,620 --> 01:02:07,225
one of the ones that survived.

1263
01:02:07,225 --> 01:02:13,730
They were just deer
caught in the headlights.

1264
01:02:14,910 --> 01:02:21,070
I said, who do you want to
be in the midst of that?

1265
01:02:21,070 --> 01:02:24,400
They said, well,
I should do this,

1266
01:02:24,400 --> 01:02:26,590
but you don't understand,

1267
01:02:26,590 --> 01:02:28,360
it won't work out.

1268
01:02:28,360 --> 01:02:30,655
I won't get credit for that.

1269
01:02:30,655 --> 01:02:33,085
Things will be bad.

1270
01:02:33,085 --> 01:02:36,730
I said, and who do
you want to be?

1271
01:02:36,730 --> 01:02:38,620
No, you don't understand.
Good things don't

1272
01:02:38,620 --> 01:02:41,830
happen when people
say things like that.

1273
01:02:41,830 --> 01:02:49,370
Who do you want to
be? Without a God,

1274
01:02:50,790 --> 01:02:54,910
I have great respect
for people because it

1275
01:02:54,910 --> 01:02:56,410
takes incredible courage to

1276
01:02:56,410 --> 01:02:58,390
throw yourself
into that unknown.

1277
01:02:58,390 --> 01:03:00,460
I sometimes thought
about who I'd

1278
01:03:00,460 --> 01:03:03,205
be if I wasn't a Christian.

1279
01:03:03,205 --> 01:03:05,230
I would be very timid,

1280
01:03:05,230 --> 01:03:08,349
holding onto as much as I
could and very protective.

1281
01:03:08,349 --> 01:03:11,170
It's only knowing
that there's a God in

1282
01:03:11,170 --> 01:03:13,675
the blackness on the other side

1283
01:03:13,675 --> 01:03:16,670
that allows me to
take some risks,

1284
01:03:16,920 --> 01:03:19,330
and I'm probably a little less

1285
01:03:19,330 --> 01:03:22,250
courageous and still
feels very courageous.

1286
01:03:22,250 --> 01:03:25,050
When I finally let
that go, well,

1287
01:03:25,050 --> 01:03:26,880
all of a sudden, there's
incredible freedom

1288
01:03:26,880 --> 01:03:28,170
on the other side.

1289
01:03:28,170 --> 01:03:30,540
I just threw it on God
and now I can take

1290
01:03:30,540 --> 01:03:34,060
all sorts of risks coming
back the other direction.

1291
01:03:35,400 --> 01:03:38,470
Can one good apple
save the bunch?

1292
01:03:38,470 --> 01:03:41,035
There's some research
that says yes.

1293
01:03:41,035 --> 01:03:44,575
One person with really
strong positivity

1294
01:03:44,575 --> 01:03:46,480
can affect the whole group.

1295
01:03:46,480 --> 01:03:48,880
There's some research
on minority influence.

1296
01:03:48,880 --> 01:03:50,545
One person who takes a stand,

1297
01:03:50,545 --> 01:03:52,270
turns out you don't
even have to be right.

1298
01:03:52,270 --> 01:03:54,430
But if you

1299
01:03:54,430 --> 01:03:57,025
take a stand and are
consistent with that stand,

1300
01:03:57,025 --> 01:03:58,630
it frees up other people in

1301
01:03:58,630 --> 01:04:01,285
the group to say
the right thing.

1302
01:04:01,285 --> 01:04:03,250
That's awfully freeing.

1303
01:04:03,250 --> 01:04:05,260
It turns out I'm not
right that much,

1304
01:04:05,260 --> 01:04:07,780
but maybe I freed up
somebody else who would be.

1305
01:04:07,780 --> 01:04:15,325
A Christian perspective
suggests that's possible.

1306
01:04:15,325 --> 01:04:17,690
You can be that person.

1307
01:04:19,560 --> 01:04:22,179
In terms of higher education,

1308
01:04:22,179 --> 01:04:24,490
students are the
children of God,

1309
01:04:24,490 --> 01:04:28,930
so define yourself as
radically loved by God.

1310
01:04:28,930 --> 01:04:31,405
That comes from Brennan Manning,

1311
01:04:31,405 --> 01:04:33,580
who states,

1312
01:04:33,580 --> 01:04:37,135
define yourself radically
as one beloved by God.

1313
01:04:37,135 --> 01:04:38,500
God's love for you and

1314
01:04:38,500 --> 01:04:40,885
his choice for you
constitute your worth.

1315
01:04:40,885 --> 01:04:42,760
Accept that and let it become

1316
01:04:42,760 --> 01:04:44,945
the most important
thing in your life.

1317
01:04:44,945 --> 01:04:46,710
I think it opens up all sorts of

1318
01:04:46,710 --> 01:04:48,705
possibilities on the other side.

1319
01:04:48,705 --> 01:04:51,105
Before I leave this purchase,

1320
01:04:51,105 --> 01:04:53,800
I want to tell you one story.

1321
01:04:54,000 --> 01:04:57,820
Going back to the five
loaves and two fishes,

1322
01:04:57,820 --> 01:05:00,985
maybe one little conversation
can make a difference.

1323
01:05:00,985 --> 01:05:03,685
I'm going to tell
you two stories.

1324
01:05:03,685 --> 01:05:07,010
We're going to start in Wheaton.

1325
01:05:08,450 --> 01:05:11,610
A student who got
back a paper from

1326
01:05:11,610 --> 01:05:14,835
her professor with a comment
in the margin that said,

1327
01:05:14,835 --> 01:05:18,215
don't write like this when
you go to graduate school.

1328
01:05:18,215 --> 01:05:22,840
Her reaction, he thinks I
can go to graduate school.

1329
01:05:22,840 --> 01:05:30,310
That comment changed the course

1330
01:05:30,310 --> 01:05:35,620
of a student's life and
I'm not surprised by that.

1331
01:05:35,620 --> 01:05:37,930
Let me tell you about

1332
01:05:37,930 --> 01:05:40,360
another professor right
here at SPU who met with

1333
01:05:40,360 --> 01:05:41,530
a student to talk about

1334
01:05:41,530 --> 01:05:45,290
I-O psychology and 20
minutes later said,

1335
01:05:45,290 --> 01:05:47,265
"What you need is
an internship."

1336
01:05:47,265 --> 01:05:50,580
He turned around, picked up
the phone and said, "Hi Lisa,

1337
01:05:50,580 --> 01:05:52,020
I have this really
bright student

1338
01:05:52,020 --> 01:05:53,580
in my office who
wants to know about

1339
01:05:53,580 --> 01:05:54,840
I-O psychology who needs

1340
01:05:54,840 --> 01:05:56,850
an internship, you
got anything?"

1341
01:05:56,850 --> 01:06:01,315
"Just a minute." The student
was handed the phone,

1342
01:06:01,315 --> 01:06:02,620
set up an appointment,

1343
01:06:02,620 --> 01:06:06,280
showed up and got
the internship,

1344
01:06:06,280 --> 01:06:08,905
which then lasted two years,

1345
01:06:08,905 --> 01:06:13,675
was critical to his graduate
student applications,

1346
01:06:13,675 --> 01:06:17,380
and worked with somebody
who invited him

1347
01:06:17,380 --> 01:06:22,730
back to Seattle to
work at Boeing.

1348
01:06:24,870 --> 01:06:31,210
That first graduate student
is Dr. Margaret Diddams.

1349
01:06:31,210 --> 01:06:33,280
That second graduate student,

1350
01:06:33,280 --> 01:06:35,875
by now you can
probably guess is me.

1351
01:06:35,875 --> 01:06:38,600
That's pretty amazing.

1352
01:06:39,330 --> 01:06:43,915
Here's the really
amazing part for me.

1353
01:06:43,915 --> 01:06:46,765
The professor was
the same person,

1354
01:06:46,765 --> 01:06:49,310
it was Doug McKenna.

1355
01:06:49,950 --> 01:06:54,280
This program, I-O
psychology at SPU,

1356
01:06:54,280 --> 01:06:59,544
had two professors who were
part of the founding staff.

1357
01:06:59,544 --> 01:07:04,190
Because of two moments in time.

1358
01:07:04,260 --> 01:07:08,770
Two fishes, five
loaves that might have

1359
01:07:08,770 --> 01:07:10,330
formed a graduate program

1360
01:07:10,330 --> 01:07:13,675
that I actually see several
students out there.

1361
01:07:13,675 --> 01:07:15,700
Actually, you can thank

1362
01:07:15,700 --> 01:07:18,830
Doug McKenna for a
comment on a paper.

1363
01:07:24,420 --> 01:07:28,270
In conclusion, people
are genetically

1364
01:07:28,270 --> 01:07:32,590
predisposed and the whole

1365
01:07:32,590 --> 01:07:34,660
is greater than the
sum of the parts.

1366
01:07:34,660 --> 01:07:37,400
We all have a niche.

1367
01:07:37,920 --> 01:07:41,755
People are genetically
predisposed

1368
01:07:41,755 --> 01:07:45,895
and people can regulate
their actions.

1369
01:07:45,895 --> 01:07:49,210
People are genetically
predisposed

1370
01:07:49,210 --> 01:07:53,455
and people are more
than their utility.

1371
01:07:53,455 --> 01:07:56,830
People are genetically
predisposed

1372
01:07:56,830 --> 01:07:59,769
and our value is beyond measure.

1373
01:07:59,769 --> 01:08:01,840
According to, oh say,

1374
01:08:01,840 --> 01:08:05,080
the creator of the universe.

1375
01:08:05,080 --> 01:08:06,940
I believe that society is at

1376
01:08:06,940 --> 01:08:10,150
a critical point where
Christian scholars can help

1377
01:08:10,150 --> 01:08:16,450
define how people think about
genetic predispositions.

1378
01:08:16,450 --> 01:08:19,630
Christian scholars can help
define what is meant by

1379
01:08:19,630 --> 01:08:21,415
human potential and what is

1380
01:08:21,415 --> 01:08:24,505
ultimately valued
in our society.

1381
01:08:24,505 --> 01:08:27,369
As a Christian liberal
arts institution,

1382
01:08:27,369 --> 01:08:28,780
we have the opportunity to

1383
01:08:28,780 --> 01:08:31,540
model a community where
everyone is valued

1384
01:08:31,540 --> 01:08:34,255
and encouraged to use
their unique gifts

1385
01:08:34,255 --> 01:08:37,480
that God has given them
to impact the world.

1386
01:08:37,480 --> 01:08:42,460
Thanks..

1387
01:08:42,460 --> 01:08:44,260
We'll have a few
minutes for questions.

1388
01:08:44,260 --> 01:08:54,220
Any questions

1389
01:08:54,220 --> 01:08:57,380
for Professor Yost?

1390
01:09:07,320 --> 01:09:10,150
Nice job, Paul.
That was very good.

1391
01:09:10,150 --> 01:09:16,210
I thought it

1392
01:09:16,210 --> 01:09:18,550
was gutsy and good that
you took on the issue

1393
01:09:18,550 --> 01:09:21,415
of genetic predisposition
to begin with,

1394
01:09:21,415 --> 01:09:23,695
rather than making a straw man.

1395
01:09:23,695 --> 01:09:26,410
But in fact, in some ways
you over strengthen it,

1396
01:09:26,410 --> 01:09:28,990
so I just want to add a
comment and do with it as you

1397
01:09:28,990 --> 01:09:30,430
may or others in
the room might want

1398
01:09:30,430 --> 01:09:32,665
to grab some of it
and go after it.

1399
01:09:32,665 --> 01:09:36,940
When you talk, as you
liberally did and talked about

1400
01:09:36,940 --> 01:09:39,370
genetic predispositions
being about 50 percent

1401
01:09:39,370 --> 01:09:41,305
of the influence
on most behaviors.

1402
01:09:41,305 --> 01:09:44,365
It's true if we're talking
about the difference

1403
01:09:44,365 --> 01:09:49,075
between individuals
in their variations.

1404
01:09:49,075 --> 01:09:51,040
That actually understates,

1405
01:09:51,040 --> 01:09:53,725
in other words, if
he and I were twins,

1406
01:09:53,725 --> 01:09:55,510
it isn't that 50 percent of

1407
01:09:55,510 --> 01:09:57,595
my behavior's determined
by the genetics,

1408
01:09:57,595 --> 01:09:59,510
it's the differences between

1409
01:09:59,510 --> 01:10:00,960
our behaviors that
are determined,

1410
01:10:00,960 --> 01:10:02,925
so that's a much smaller figure.

1411
01:10:02,925 --> 01:10:05,490
The other thing that's worth
perhaps thinking of in

1412
01:10:05,490 --> 01:10:09,030
personality and genetics is

1413
01:10:09,030 --> 01:10:13,575
the ways that genetics
influence behavior

1414
01:10:13,575 --> 01:10:18,285
are through global big
things like extroversion,

1415
01:10:18,285 --> 01:10:20,315
a good example that you gave.

1416
01:10:20,315 --> 01:10:22,480
For example, lots of

1417
01:10:22,480 --> 01:10:24,370
administrative folks and people

1418
01:10:24,370 --> 01:10:26,140
in the criminal justice
system are concerned

1419
01:10:26,140 --> 01:10:28,900
with predicting criminality
and we might hope to

1420
01:10:28,900 --> 01:10:32,395
find whether some of you
have a gene for criminality.

1421
01:10:32,395 --> 01:10:37,010
You do. It's in extroversion.

1422
01:10:37,010 --> 01:10:43,540
Introverts don't
go out at night.

1423
01:10:43,540 --> 01:10:45,070
That's where we're
going to find it and

1424
01:10:45,070 --> 01:10:46,870
so it's important to
remember sometimes too,

1425
01:10:46,870 --> 01:10:49,480
on the other side, if
Paul has done anything,

1426
01:10:49,480 --> 01:10:52,735
he's overstated the size of

1427
01:10:52,735 --> 01:10:55,150
the threat to free choice

1428
01:10:55,150 --> 01:10:57,800
and I applaud you
for doing that.

1429
01:10:57,840 --> 01:11:01,120
I just think it's great
that in spite of looking at

1430
01:11:01,120 --> 01:11:02,320
as much strength as

1431
01:11:02,320 --> 01:11:04,915
that perspective holds and
there is some validity to it.

1432
01:11:04,915 --> 01:11:06,460
Mark, and I know you
did some work with

1433
01:11:06,460 --> 01:11:08,050
Bouchard who's done
a lot of research in

1434
01:11:08,050 --> 01:11:11,980
this area so you
know that as well.

1435
01:11:11,980 --> 01:11:13,480
I just think it's
tremendous that you

1436
01:11:13,480 --> 01:11:16,180
made a strong
statement in response

1437
01:11:16,180 --> 01:11:18,295
to strong data and well done you

1438
01:11:18,295 --> 01:11:20,500
and thank you very much for
giving us back our freedom.

1439
01:11:20,500 --> 01:11:25,480
Any other questions?

1440
01:11:25,480 --> 01:11:35,050
We want to make

1441
01:11:35,050 --> 01:11:36,490
sure we pick it up on the tape.

1442
01:11:36,490 --> 01:11:42,010
I'm just curious Paul,

1443
01:11:42,010 --> 01:11:43,570
what you think about
the concept of

1444
01:11:43,570 --> 01:11:46,480
multiple intelligences and
the usefulness of that

1445
01:11:46,480 --> 01:11:51,220
construct? That's
a big question.

1446
01:11:51,220 --> 01:11:53,365
Yeah. I think that is

1447
01:11:53,365 --> 01:11:55,840
a valuable idea that

1448
01:11:55,840 --> 01:11:58,180
there are multiple ways
that people do it.

1449
01:11:58,180 --> 01:12:02,875
In psychology or in I-O
psychology, I should say,

1450
01:12:02,875 --> 01:12:04,405
they've tried to find

1451
01:12:04,405 --> 01:12:08,140
multiple cognitive
abilities and they

1452
01:12:08,140 --> 01:12:12,175
all tend to load on one big
factor which we call GI,

1453
01:12:12,175 --> 01:12:13,855
which is general intelligence.

1454
01:12:13,855 --> 01:12:16,630
But I don't think that addresses

1455
01:12:16,630 --> 01:12:20,230
the larger spectrum of
possible intelligences,

1456
01:12:20,230 --> 01:12:23,110
physical and intellectual,

1457
01:12:23,110 --> 01:12:26,230
and musical, and some
of those other pieces.

1458
01:12:26,230 --> 01:12:27,390
What do you think?

1459
01:12:27,390 --> 01:12:31,450
I don't know. I feel I have
worked with students who have

1460
01:12:31,450 --> 01:12:34,860
so many different
talents and that

1461
01:12:34,860 --> 01:12:37,090
concept of university students

1462
01:12:37,090 --> 01:12:39,280
that have different
talents by any count.

1463
01:12:39,280 --> 01:12:44,920
The Gallup Organization
wrote a book called Now,

1464
01:12:44,920 --> 01:12:46,240
Discover your Strengths,

1465
01:12:46,240 --> 01:12:49,570
which is a big advertisement
for their measure.

1466
01:12:49,570 --> 01:12:52,105
But at the very beginning
and the very end,

1467
01:12:52,105 --> 01:12:53,440
I think they introduce

1468
01:12:53,440 --> 01:12:58,795
two concepts that have been
particularly powerful for me.

1469
01:12:58,795 --> 01:13:01,630
That is, that idea of
leveraging your strengths.

1470
01:13:01,630 --> 01:13:03,490
Find those things
you're good at,

1471
01:13:03,490 --> 01:13:05,500
and then find places
where you can leverage

1472
01:13:05,500 --> 01:13:09,190
them and where your weaknesses
don't get in your way.

1473
01:13:09,190 --> 01:13:12,220
The follow-up to that is
don't spend all your time

1474
01:13:12,220 --> 01:13:15,130
trying to get better at the
things you're not good at.

1475
01:13:15,130 --> 01:13:16,915
Because usually that takes

1476
01:13:16,915 --> 01:13:19,690
twice as much effort and
you're not investing it

1477
01:13:19,690 --> 01:13:21,760
in what you are strong at so you

1478
01:13:21,760 --> 01:13:24,250
get mediocre at everything,

1479
01:13:24,250 --> 01:13:25,540
if you're doing nothing but

1480
01:13:25,540 --> 01:13:27,655
trying to fix your weaknesses.

1481
01:13:27,655 --> 01:13:29,920
What they suggest is put

1482
01:13:29,920 --> 01:13:32,200
your effort in your
strengths to go from

1483
01:13:32,200 --> 01:13:36,865
good to great in those
and get good enough at,

1484
01:13:36,865 --> 01:13:40,270
organization is not my big deal.

1485
01:13:40,270 --> 01:13:44,005
In classes, I'm good
enough at that.

1486
01:13:44,005 --> 01:13:46,600
I think that's a really
powerful idea and I

1487
01:13:46,600 --> 01:13:50,630
think that could be really
powerful for students as well.

1488
01:13:51,300 --> 01:13:58,370
Any question?

1489
01:13:59,360 --> 01:14:01,740
Sorry to create all the exercise

1490
01:14:01,740 --> 01:14:03,135
for running back and forth.

1491
01:14:03,135 --> 01:14:04,200
Don't apologize.

1492
01:14:04,200 --> 01:14:08,970
It might be dead anyway.

1493
01:14:08,970 --> 01:14:15,600
I think it's dead.

1494
01:14:15,600 --> 01:14:17,925
We're good. Just actually

1495
01:14:17,925 --> 01:14:20,025
following up on what, Jay, said.

1496
01:14:20,025 --> 01:14:23,040
I love this focus on
strengths and not

1497
01:14:23,040 --> 01:14:25,605
having to do everything
pretty well.

1498
01:14:25,605 --> 01:14:28,110
I also love the body

1499
01:14:28,110 --> 01:14:30,030
as a metaphor of
knowledge and goals,

1500
01:14:30,030 --> 01:14:32,430
but what about this
idea that strengths and

1501
01:14:32,430 --> 01:14:35,010
weaknesses are often two
sides of the same coin?

1502
01:14:35,010 --> 01:14:37,290
You mentioned extroversion
could predict things

1503
01:14:37,290 --> 01:14:40,215
like criminal behavior,
substance abuse.

1504
01:14:40,215 --> 01:14:42,150
I know conscientiousness
is one of

1505
01:14:42,150 --> 01:14:45,300
the strongest predictors
of job and everything,

1506
01:14:45,300 --> 01:14:46,740
but people that
are really high in

1507
01:14:46,740 --> 01:14:48,750
conscientiousness can
also be perfectionistic.

1508
01:14:48,750 --> 01:14:51,720
They can have obsessive-compulsive
personality disorder.

1509
01:14:51,720 --> 01:14:53,520
What do you think
about this idea

1510
01:14:53,520 --> 01:14:55,380
that strengths and
weaknesses could maybe

1511
01:14:55,380 --> 01:14:58,530
be two sides of the same
coin. What do you think?

1512
01:14:58,530 --> 01:14:59,970
I think that it's also probably

1513
01:14:59,970 --> 01:15:03,045
a pretty good idea as well.

1514
01:15:03,045 --> 01:15:05,940
That's one of the other
criticisms that I

1515
01:15:05,940 --> 01:15:08,025
would have of discover
your strengths,

1516
01:15:08,025 --> 01:15:10,380
that you got to be careful
with those things.

1517
01:15:10,380 --> 01:15:13,170
For example, I have

1518
01:15:13,170 --> 01:15:16,800
a student right now who's
looking at drive in leaders,

1519
01:15:16,800 --> 01:15:22,154
and do you reach a point
where you drive too hard?

1520
01:15:22,154 --> 01:15:24,570
That's really good in a leader,

1521
01:15:24,570 --> 01:15:29,595
but at some point maybe
it turns for you,

1522
01:15:29,595 --> 01:15:36,405
or conscientiousness, it
become obsessive-compulsive.

1523
01:15:36,405 --> 01:15:41,310
I think that's really true.

1524
01:15:41,310 --> 01:15:43,560
That's another
place where I would

1525
01:15:43,560 --> 01:15:46,170
put that Christian lens on it.

1526
01:15:46,170 --> 01:15:50,100
Heavens know if I depended on

1527
01:15:50,100 --> 01:15:55,065
my own strength, I'm hopeless.

1528
01:15:55,065 --> 01:15:59,370
There are moments where I
just have to stop and say,

1529
01:15:59,370 --> 01:16:04,830
God, help me through this
because if I do it on my own,

1530
01:16:04,830 --> 01:16:07,320
I'm going to go in bad places.

1531
01:16:07,320 --> 01:16:15,720
One more question.

1532
01:16:15,720 --> 01:16:17,220
Over here.

1533
01:16:17,220 --> 01:16:21,285
Well, I love the
presentation first of all,

1534
01:16:21,285 --> 01:16:22,680
and I'm just saying
I'm going to miss you.

1535
01:16:22,680 --> 01:16:27,255
But I wanted to ask you,

1536
01:16:27,255 --> 01:16:29,010
first of all, I think
everyone more or less here

1537
01:16:29,010 --> 01:16:31,485
probably agrees with
what you had to say.

1538
01:16:31,485 --> 01:16:33,690
It was great, but
my question is,

1539
01:16:33,690 --> 01:16:37,575
how do we "engage the culture
and change the world?"

1540
01:16:37,575 --> 01:16:40,770
How we are weakened, how do
we get this information out.

1541
01:16:40,770 --> 01:16:42,630
Via research, I
think is one way,

1542
01:16:42,630 --> 01:16:47,140
but that's a small community
compared to the world.

1543
01:16:49,250 --> 01:16:51,420
I thought about that.

1544
01:16:51,420 --> 01:16:54,360
Let me start with research,

1545
01:16:54,360 --> 01:16:56,550
and then I'll go to
the applied side.

1546
01:16:56,550 --> 01:16:59,715
On the research side,

1547
01:16:59,715 --> 01:17:03,180
I'm not arguing against
these research findings,

1548
01:17:03,180 --> 01:17:04,830
I think they're just going
to emerge and they're going

1549
01:17:04,830 --> 01:17:06,840
to get stronger as they go.

1550
01:17:06,840 --> 01:17:10,065
What I would suggest is
that students don't give

1551
01:17:10,065 --> 01:17:15,090
a big five personality measure
and see what it predicts.

1552
01:17:15,090 --> 01:17:18,840
Actually, the reason I
think this is happening,

1553
01:17:18,840 --> 01:17:22,360
is because it's easy
research to do.

1554
01:17:22,610 --> 01:17:24,990
If you do that easy research,

1555
01:17:24,990 --> 01:17:28,185
you're driving in the system
all the wrong questions.

1556
01:17:28,185 --> 01:17:29,655
Instead, do some research,

1557
01:17:29,655 --> 01:17:31,770
for example, I keep

1558
01:17:31,770 --> 01:17:34,245
mentioning it to students
and no one's done it yet.

1559
01:17:34,245 --> 01:17:36,210
I'm going to have to just
do it myself, I think.

1560
01:17:36,210 --> 01:17:39,990
Have any of

1561
01:17:39,990 --> 01:17:42,705
you worked for a great
introverted leader?

1562
01:17:42,705 --> 01:17:45,375
I bet a bunch of you have.

1563
01:17:45,375 --> 01:17:48,390
What do they do to compensate?

1564
01:17:48,390 --> 01:17:51,750
Because it turns out
being extroverted helps.

1565
01:17:51,750 --> 01:17:55,050
They develop some
strategies and behaviors to

1566
01:17:55,050 --> 01:17:58,740
compensate for
being introverted.

1567
01:17:58,740 --> 01:18:00,990
No one's done that
research around

1568
01:18:00,990 --> 01:18:03,720
what behaviors are they doing
to compensate for those.

1569
01:18:03,720 --> 01:18:05,100
We also had people,

1570
01:18:05,100 --> 01:18:07,830
when I was at a
large IT company,

1571
01:18:07,830 --> 01:18:15,585
who scored low on some
decision making tests,

1572
01:18:15,585 --> 01:18:18,225
and they were very successful.

1573
01:18:18,225 --> 01:18:21,090
Their feedback basically was,

1574
01:18:21,090 --> 01:18:23,400
they figured out how to
surround themselves with

1575
01:18:23,400 --> 01:18:26,850
some great people to make
up for who they are.

1576
01:18:26,850 --> 01:18:28,080
They tend to be

1577
01:18:28,080 --> 01:18:30,765
really strong drivers
to get things done,

1578
01:18:30,765 --> 01:18:32,250
and then they always
partnered with

1579
01:18:32,250 --> 01:18:34,245
a great strategic thinker.

1580
01:18:34,245 --> 01:18:37,335
Well, doggone it. That's great.

1581
01:18:37,335 --> 01:18:39,630
But what are those strategies?

1582
01:18:39,630 --> 01:18:42,870
I still have seen very
little research on that.

1583
01:18:42,870 --> 01:18:45,810
Likewise, the processes,
all of those processes,

1584
01:18:45,810 --> 01:18:47,400
they can bump people back up,

1585
01:18:47,400 --> 01:18:52,275
that would be really rich
research that then people,

1586
01:18:52,275 --> 01:18:54,975
even if there's more genetic
research coming out,

1587
01:18:54,975 --> 01:18:57,600
then you could say, there's
genetic research coming out,

1588
01:18:57,600 --> 01:19:00,990
but there are some
ways to overcome it,

1589
01:19:00,990 --> 01:19:02,595
or research that says,

1590
01:19:02,595 --> 01:19:06,075
multiple people are
really important.

1591
01:19:06,075 --> 01:19:07,530
You get all these things saying,

1592
01:19:07,530 --> 01:19:09,720
individual performance
is maximized with this,

1593
01:19:09,720 --> 01:19:11,550
but inside of the group,

1594
01:19:11,550 --> 01:19:13,555
if we have multiple attributes,

1595
01:19:13,555 --> 01:19:16,145
the group is better
than those individuals.

1596
01:19:16,145 --> 01:19:17,750
If we maximize
everything on one of

1597
01:19:17,750 --> 01:19:19,700
those attributes,
the group is hurt.

1598
01:19:19,700 --> 01:19:22,490
That's the kind of research.
It's compensatory research,

1599
01:19:22,490 --> 01:19:25,170
if you will, that
compliments that.

1600
01:19:25,170 --> 01:19:29,170
Now the practical question.

1601
01:19:30,170 --> 01:19:35,250
I'm on the workshop committee
for SIOP, my conference.

1602
01:19:35,250 --> 01:19:38,460
I volunteered to manage

1603
01:19:38,460 --> 01:19:42,870
the high potential
workshop next year.

1604
01:19:42,870 --> 01:19:51,420
The reason I ran into PepsiCo,

1605
01:19:51,420 --> 01:19:56,560
was because I was scouting
who was out there.

1606
01:19:58,190 --> 01:20:01,065
If I have one person,

1607
01:20:01,065 --> 01:20:02,745
for example, from PepsiCo,

1608
01:20:02,745 --> 01:20:08,145
I'm likely to pair them with
somebody from a company that

1609
01:20:08,145 --> 01:20:10,830
seems to have figured out how

1610
01:20:10,830 --> 01:20:14,115
to manage multiple talent pools.

1611
01:20:14,115 --> 01:20:18,360
For example, Lori Homer
is here from Microsoft.

1612
01:20:18,360 --> 01:20:20,550
Microsoft has done
a fantastic job in

1613
01:20:20,550 --> 01:20:23,700
terms of, hypos from what.

1614
01:20:23,700 --> 01:20:27,135
It turns out you need a really
good software engineer.

1615
01:20:27,135 --> 01:20:28,620
It turns out you need

1616
01:20:28,620 --> 01:20:33,930
a really good design
person as well.

1617
01:20:33,930 --> 01:20:37,605
Now there are issues
with any company around.

1618
01:20:37,605 --> 01:20:43,050
Even inside of those pillars,

1619
01:20:43,050 --> 01:20:45,000
there are hypos and non-hypos

1620
01:20:45,000 --> 01:20:46,455
and some of that
is the language,

1621
01:20:46,455 --> 01:20:48,300
but I think Microsoft,
for example,

1622
01:20:48,300 --> 01:20:50,625
is one of the companies
that's come the closest to,

1623
01:20:50,625 --> 01:20:56,920
how do you create a system
where multiple people excel?

1624
01:21:00,020 --> 01:21:04,155
GORE-TEX is another company
that's done a great job

1625
01:21:04,155 --> 01:21:07,440
of doing that as well,
drawing on multiple people.

1626
01:21:07,440 --> 01:21:11,550
You also covered a paper
titled Everyone is equal.

1627
01:21:11,550 --> 01:21:14,670
Yes. It was actually titled,

1628
01:21:14,670 --> 01:21:16,890
Everyone is Equal, But Some
are More Equal Than Others.

1629
01:21:16,890 --> 01:21:18,390
I wanted to go

1630
01:21:18,390 --> 01:21:21,135
straight after the
people who wrote that.

1631
01:21:21,135 --> 01:21:25,330
I think there are
places to do that.

1632
01:21:25,460 --> 01:21:27,840
For example, one of the
other things that's

1633
01:21:27,840 --> 01:21:29,370
emerging right now is

1634
01:21:29,370 --> 01:21:34,245
that companies are all becoming
networked organizations.

1635
01:21:34,245 --> 01:21:38,025
This is Paul, again,
catastrophizing,

1636
01:21:38,025 --> 01:21:40,080
but I think in the future,

1637
01:21:40,080 --> 01:21:41,580
a number of companies
will only have

1638
01:21:41,580 --> 01:21:43,440
10 percent full-time workforce,

1639
01:21:43,440 --> 01:21:46,240
and 90 percent will
all be contract.

1640
01:21:46,640 --> 01:21:49,215
If that's the case,

1641
01:21:49,215 --> 01:21:52,785
then we need to
position ourselves,

1642
01:21:52,785 --> 01:21:55,530
and we have the chance to
position ourselves in terms of

1643
01:21:55,530 --> 01:21:58,950
helping people identify what
they're really good at,

1644
01:21:58,950 --> 01:22:01,080
and so they can
find their place in

1645
01:22:01,080 --> 01:22:04,425
the network of
multiple companies.

1646
01:22:04,425 --> 01:22:08,325
I think we're naturally
going there in some ways,

1647
01:22:08,325 --> 01:22:11,010
and as psychologists,

1648
01:22:11,010 --> 01:22:12,705
we have a great opportunity

1649
01:22:12,705 --> 01:22:15,570
to start partnering
and providing tools

1650
01:22:15,570 --> 01:22:17,490
for people to maximize

1651
01:22:17,490 --> 01:22:21,370
themselves as opposed
to working for the man.